This research film report will demonstrate practical rescue methods for victims of drowning.
The procedures have been studied extensively in the laboratory in unconscious, anesthetized volunteers.
All the methods to be shown are effective means of expired air resuscitation.
These film sequences were taken at Camp Susquehannock where doctors Elam and Green vacationed in 1959 and 1960 as camp physicians.
Before rescue breathing, we had to wait to get a drowned victim ashore to start artificial respiration.
This delay wasted precious seconds in getting oxygen into the lungs.
Seconds make the difference between life and death.
Now we know that rescue breathing can and must be started in the water.
Water sports account for at least 10 ,000 deaths a year.
For this reason, classes in water safety everywhere are learning rescue breathing.
We're going to learn several effective methods of rescue breathing.
First, we must learn about the tongue and throat because keeping the air passage open is the most important thing to remember in order to be able to blow your breath into the lungs.
Since the tongue is attached to the chin, tilting the head back like this pulls the tongue forward so it cannot block the throat.
This action is illustrated in the animated model of the air passage.
The jaw acts as a lever and brings the tongue with it.
If the head slumps forward, the tongue closes the air passage.
Tilting the head opens the air passage.
Without the tilt, the throat is blocked.
Tilt your head back and see how easy it is to breathe.
That's good.
Now we'll show you several methods of rescue breathing.
Here's the head tilt method.
First, kneel at the victim's head.
Then grasp the crown of his head like this.
Lift his neck with the other hand and tilt his head back as far as possible.
Now blow your breath into him.
Let's see this action again on the head model.
With one hand tilting the head back far, the other hand tugs upward on his chin.
See how this action pulls his tongue farther out of his throat.
With the head tilted way back, the air passage is wide open so there is no obstruction to the flow of air through the nose or through the mouth.
Here's mouth -to -nose breathing.
Pull his chin up to close his mouth.
Open your mouth wide.
Take a deep breath.
Make a wide seal with your lips on his cheeks.
Blow until you see his chest rise.
Then let him breathe out by himself.
You can hear the escape of air before the next breath.
Try the head tilt position on yourself.
Tilt your head far back until you stretch the skin of the neck tight.
You're bringing the tongue forward out of the throat.
Now let your head slump forward.
With the neck bent forward like this in an unconscious person, the tongue may completely block the air passage.
Now tilt your head back again and try to swallow.
This position pulls the tongue forward out of the throat.
See? You can't swallow.
So you can't block the air passage with your head way back.
Remember this tilt position.
When you're blowing air through the victim's nose, be careful not to close his nostrils with your mouth.
The hand on his chin holds his mouth closed to prevent leakage and stretches the neck enough to pull his tongue farther out of his throat.
Now let's review other techniques of rescue breathing.
Here's the jaw lift method.
Put your index fingers behind your jaw bone just below your ear.
Go ahead.
Try it on yourself.
Feel for the corner of your jaw.
Now lift the jaw forward as you tilt the head.
This action moves the tongue forward by lifting the jaw from both sides.
Now let's see a demonstration team do the jaw lift method.
Kneel beside the victim.
Tilt his head.
Get both index fingers under the jaw bone at the angle on each side.
Now in slow motion, see the jaw move forward a whole inch.
With both thumbs, press the lower jaw enough to open them out, but don't let the jaw sag.
Here's the model to show you how the tongue moves out of the throat as you lift the corners of the jaw bone.
Since both hands are around the jaw, you'll have to seal the nostrils another way.
As you inflate the lungs, press your cheek against the nostrils.
All of these methods require the use of two hands on the victim's head, so they are suited to breathing for the victim ashore.
Still another satisfactory method of rescue breathing is the chin pull technique with a rescuer's thumb hooked under the victim's lower teeth so he can grasp the lower jaw like this.
The other hand pinches the nose.
This maneuver is demonstrated on the head model.
Hook your thumb in the corner of the victim's mouth behind his lower teeth.
With his mouth held wide open, you can use only the mouth -to -mouth method.
This method of thumb insertion may fail if the victim's jaw muscles are rigid, and it risks injury by sharp teeth.
Let's watch the demonstration team.
Remember the thumb in the inside of the mouth.
In slow motion, see how the thumb should be placed for the best feel around the victim's mouth.
You can watch the chest rise and fall with each breath.
But the methods which require two hands on the victim's head cannot be used in the water.
You need one hand just to hold on to the victim.
Here's the head tilt method for use in the water.
With only one hand, tilt the head back until the mouth opens by itself.
Now you can start mouth -to -mouth breathing.
You've got to use the other hand to hold on to the victim and carry him.
To keep the air passage open with one hand, you must keep the head tilted way back.
Let's repeat the demonstration in slow motion.
Use one hand to tilt his head as far back as it will go.
With this extreme tilt, the mouth opens by itself, so mouth -to -mouth breathing should be used instead of mouth -to -nose in the water.
Let's see how tilting the head opens the mouth on the air passage in the model.
One hand must hold the victim's body securely.
To keep the air passage open, you must use extreme head tilt with only one hand on the crown of his head.
Again, the cheek must seal the nostril.
Rescue breathing can be combined in the water with any of the standard life -saving methods you've learned.
Any one of the approved approaches or carries will fit in with a head tilt, mouth -to -mouth method.
Once you're on shore, any method of rescue breathing can be used.
Head tilt, jaw lift, or chin pull.
To show you how the head tilt method works in the water, here's a front surface approach and a cross chest carry.
Swim in, reverse your body position, grab the top of the wrist, pull it across your chest and out, grasp the chin, swim vigorously, and go into the cross chest carry.
As soon as you can touch bottom, tilt his head back for rescue breathing.
You see, it's simple.
Now let's do it in the water.
Swim in, grab the wrist and pull.
Grasp the chin, swim vigorously, and go into the cross chest carry.
As soon as you can touch the bottom, tilt the head and blow air into the lungs.
Don't mind the water spurting into your face.
Keep on blowing, every second count.
Maintain the cross chest hold to control his body.
Be sure your mouth is open wide and makes a tight seal around his mouth.
Close his nostrils with your cheek.
Continue rescue breathing as you walk through the water.
As long as you're breathing for him, there's plenty of time to get him ashore.
It's easy to expand his chest with each breath.
When you reach the shoreline, if he's not breathing yet, it's better to keep his body in the cool water to cut down his need for oxygen until help arrives.
Now let's see how to get this man ashore.
If there is enough help, the three -man carry is best.
This leaves the fourth man to keep up rescue breathing.
The rescuer should keep the victim's head low and tilted back.
Don't bring him in head first.
The rescuer can't lead the way.
He's busy breathing for two.
The victim is carried out feet first so his head can be kept low for rescue breathing.
As you come ashore, try to place him with his head downhill.
Then the water from his stomach can drain out of his mouth.
Press the excess water out.
Turn his head to the side and let it drain out to prevent blowing it into his lungs.
If his stomach is still full of water, inflating the lungs pushes it up out of his stomach.
Drain it out each time.
Remember, water in his stomach is secondary.
Air in his lungs is vital.
Water rescue can be started as soon as you can reach the victim's mouth with your mouth and is so versatile that it can be done in any situation, even from a boat.
Approach the victim's stern first.
Hook your elbow through his armpit.
Tilt his head back and inflate his lungs.
You can hear him breathe out each time you take your next breath.
Breathing for him is urgent.
Getting him ashore is not.
If you're all alone, drop the oars and reach for the victim from the stern of the boat if possible.
Hook your elbow through his armpit from the front, right to right or left to left.
This rescuer is doing it left to left.
The first ten breaths should be fast and deep to get oxygen into him.
Then you can slow down.
If breaths are deep enough, one breath every six seconds is enough for an adult victim.
In any case, let him breathe out before the next breath.
You don't need to lift your own head between breaths.
Your position over the stern is fixed, but his body is lighter in the water, and it is easier to lower him a little between breaths.
Remember, to avoid leakage, make a wide seal around his mouth and block his nostrils with your cheek.
Whatever the boat, the principles are the same.
Always hook your elbow through his armpit and grasp the stern if possible.
This rescuer's right elbow is through the victim's right armpit.
This locks the victim so securely that the current won't pull him away as you continue rescue breathing.
Rescue breathing can even be done by a good canoeist.
Try to balance yourself as near the center of the canoe as you can.
If you lock the victim securely with one arm, you'll be able to tilt his head as far back as possible with the other hand to keep his air passage open.
A few breaths may bring him around, so don't worry about getting ashore.
Use rescue breathing from a paddleboard.
Paddle in, grab the wrist, sit up, pull his arms across the paddleboard, push his body up with your foot, and slide him across the board.
It takes a lot of practice to do this well, but it avoids the longer delay of getting him ashore.
Then roll him over.
Start rescue breathing.
As long as you can see the chest expand, you can be sure rescue breathing is working.
The victim's oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal are easily provided if the breaths are big enough to visibly expand his chest.
This victim is getting at least two quarts of air with each breath.
One quart would suffice.
Rescue breathing is now officially accepted as the best method.
Sometimes the victim doesn't recover promptly and must be taken to the hospital.
No other emergency method of resuscitation is so versatile for all ages in all circumstances.
It can be done in the water without interfering with getting the victim on a stretcher.
It can be continued for hours without exhaustion.
It does not require that the victim be placed on the ground.
This method is so effective that it can be interrupted for 10 or 15 seconds at a time once the victim is pink.
It can be done after the victim has been placed on a stretcher during his transport.
With the public acceptance and use of rescue breathing, hundreds of lives have already been saved despite aesthetic objections, the fear of germs, and reluctance for intimate contact with a stranger.
Rescue breathing has big reserves of pressure and volume which can be used in difficult situations.
The rescuer sees, feels, and hears the effect of each breath.
He can therefore avoid blowing too much into a small victim or too little into a big victim.
The only equipment necessary for rescue breathing is your mouth, your lungs, and your hands.
It is always available anywhere, anytime, for any victim.
The rescue breathing is a very effective method to prevent the victim from blowing too much into a small victim.
It is also effective in preventing the victim from blowing too much into a small victim.
The rescue breathing is a very effective method to prevent the victim from blowing too much into a small victim.
It is also effective in preventing the victim from blowing too much into a small victim.
Thank you for watching!
