WEBVTT 1 00:00:43.780 --> 00:00:49.420 This research film report will demonstrate practical rescue methods for victims of drowning. 2 00:00:50.040 --> 00:00:54.980 The procedures have been studied extensively in the laboratory in unconscious, anesthetized 3 00:00:54.980 --> 00:00:55.660 volunteers. 4 00:00:55.660 --> 00:01:00.880 All the methods to be shown are effective means of expired air resuscitation. 5 00:01:01.680 --> 00:01:08.200 These film sequences were taken at Camp Susquehannock where doctors Elam and Green vacationed in 1959 6 00:01:08.200 --> 00:01:11.000 and 1960 as camp physicians. 7 00:01:14.580 --> 00:01:19.420 Before rescue breathing, we had to wait to get a drowned victim ashore to start artificial 8 00:01:19.420 --> 00:01:20.360 respiration. 9 00:01:20.960 --> 00:01:24.820 This delay wasted precious seconds in getting oxygen into the lungs. 10 00:01:24.820 --> 00:01:27.960 Seconds make the difference between life and death. 11 00:01:31.600 --> 00:01:35.220 Now we know that rescue breathing can and must be started in the water. 12 00:01:36.840 --> 00:01:39.880 Water sports account for at least 10,000 deaths a year. 13 00:01:40.220 --> 00:01:44.440 For this reason, classes in water safety everywhere are learning rescue breathing. 14 00:01:46.020 --> 00:01:48.940 We're going to learn several effective methods of rescue breathing. 15 00:01:49.660 --> 00:01:54.560 First, we must learn about the tongue and throat because keeping the air passage open is the 16 00:01:54.560 --> 00:01:58.820 most important thing to remember in order to be able to blow your breath into the lungs. 17 00:01:59.880 --> 00:02:05.720 Since the tongue is attached to the chin, tilting the head back like this pulls the tongue forward 18 00:02:05.720 --> 00:02:07.360 so it cannot block the throat. 19 00:02:07.660 --> 00:02:11.000 This action is illustrated in the animated model of the air passage. 20 00:02:11.700 --> 00:02:15.160 The jaw acts as a lever and brings the tongue with it. 21 00:02:15.640 --> 00:02:19.140 If the head slumps forward, the tongue closes the air passage. 22 00:02:19.760 --> 00:02:22.860 Tilting the head opens the air passage. 23 00:02:24.800 --> 00:02:26.840 Without the tilt, the throat is blocked. 24 00:02:27.760 --> 00:02:30.700 Tilt your head back and see how easy it is to breathe. 25 00:02:35.400 --> 00:02:36.200 That's good. 26 00:02:36.760 --> 00:02:39.100 Now we'll show you several methods of rescue breathing. 27 00:02:39.800 --> 00:02:41.160 Here's the head tilt method. 28 00:02:41.740 --> 00:02:43.380 First, kneel at the victim's head. 29 00:02:44.540 --> 00:02:46.940 Then grasp the crown of his head like this. 30 00:02:46.940 --> 00:02:51.600 Lift his neck with the other hand and tilt his head back as far as possible. 31 00:02:53.060 --> 00:02:54.600 Now blow your breath into him. 32 00:02:54.760 --> 00:02:56.880 Let's see this action again on the head model. 33 00:02:57.480 --> 00:03:02.340 With one hand tilting the head back far, the other hand tugs upward on his chin. 34 00:03:03.040 --> 00:03:06.100 See how this action pulls his tongue farther out of his throat. 35 00:03:06.880 --> 00:03:13.380 With the head tilted way back, the air passage is wide open so there is no obstruction to the flow of air 36 00:03:13.380 --> 00:03:15.400 through the nose or through the mouth. 37 00:03:16.940 --> 00:03:18.720 Here's mouth-to-nose breathing. 38 00:03:19.260 --> 00:03:21.100 Pull his chin up to close his mouth. 39 00:03:21.620 --> 00:03:22.940 Open your mouth wide. 40 00:03:23.220 --> 00:03:24.180 Take a deep breath. 41 00:03:24.760 --> 00:03:27.060 Make a wide seal with your lips on his cheeks. 42 00:03:27.420 --> 00:03:29.160 Blow until you see his chest rise. 43 00:03:29.640 --> 00:03:31.300 Then let him breathe out by himself. 44 00:03:31.700 --> 00:03:34.080 You can hear the escape of air before the next breath. 45 00:03:35.040 --> 00:03:37.060 Try the head tilt position on yourself. 46 00:03:37.760 --> 00:03:41.420 Tilt your head far back until you stretch the skin of the neck tight. 47 00:03:42.140 --> 00:03:45.040 You're bringing the tongue forward out of the throat. 48 00:03:46.940 --> 00:03:48.860 Now let your head slump forward. 49 00:03:49.620 --> 00:03:52.680 With the neck bent forward like this in an unconscious person, 50 00:03:53.240 --> 00:03:55.480 the tongue may completely block the air passage. 51 00:03:59.240 --> 00:04:02.280 Now tilt your head back again and try to swallow. 52 00:04:03.020 --> 00:04:05.780 This position pulls the tongue forward out of the throat. 53 00:04:06.360 --> 00:04:08.140 See? You can't swallow. 54 00:04:08.740 --> 00:04:11.720 So you can't block the air passage with your head way back. 55 00:04:12.120 --> 00:04:13.560 Remember this tilt position. 56 00:04:16.940 --> 00:04:19.380 When you're blowing air through the victim's nose, 57 00:04:19.780 --> 00:04:22.320 be careful not to close his nostrils with your mouth. 58 00:04:23.020 --> 00:04:26.780 The hand on his chin holds his mouth closed to prevent leakage 59 00:04:26.780 --> 00:04:30.520 and stretches the neck enough to pull his tongue farther out of his throat. 60 00:04:32.000 --> 00:04:34.620 Now let's review other techniques of rescue breathing. 61 00:04:35.300 --> 00:04:36.740 Here's the jaw lift method. 62 00:04:37.180 --> 00:04:40.580 Put your index fingers behind your jaw bone just below your ear. 63 00:04:43.960 --> 00:04:45.760 Go ahead. Try it on yourself. 64 00:04:45.760 --> 00:04:48.020 Feel for the corner of your jaw. 65 00:04:49.000 --> 00:04:53.000 Now lift the jaw forward as you tilt the head. 66 00:04:54.660 --> 00:04:58.580 This action moves the tongue forward by lifting the jaw from both sides. 67 00:05:03.300 --> 00:05:06.320 Now let's see a demonstration team do the jaw lift method. 68 00:05:09.440 --> 00:05:10.740 Kneel beside the victim. 69 00:05:12.240 --> 00:05:13.160 Tilt his head. 70 00:05:14.100 --> 00:05:18.260 Get both index fingers under the jaw bone at the angle on each side. 71 00:05:19.220 --> 00:05:23.700 Now in slow motion, see the jaw move forward a whole inch. 72 00:05:24.340 --> 00:05:28.580 With both thumbs, press the lower jaw enough to open them out, 73 00:05:28.860 --> 00:05:30.460 but don't let the jaw sag. 74 00:05:31.000 --> 00:05:34.480 Here's the model to show you how the tongue moves out of the throat 75 00:05:34.480 --> 00:05:36.800 as you lift the corners of the jaw bone. 76 00:05:37.660 --> 00:05:42.420 Since both hands are around the jaw, you'll have to seal the nostrils another way. 77 00:05:44.580 --> 00:05:48.400 As you inflate the lungs, press your cheek against the nostrils. 78 00:05:49.140 --> 00:05:52.580 All of these methods require the use of two hands on the victim's head, 79 00:05:53.000 --> 00:05:55.420 so they are suited to breathing for the victim ashore. 80 00:05:56.100 --> 00:05:58.320 Still another satisfactory method of rescue breathing 81 00:05:58.320 --> 00:06:03.080 is the chin pull technique with a rescuer's thumb hooked under the victim's lower teeth 82 00:06:03.080 --> 00:06:05.520 so he can grasp the lower jaw like this. 83 00:06:05.780 --> 00:06:07.260 The other hand pinches the nose. 84 00:06:07.820 --> 00:06:10.180 This maneuver is demonstrated on the head model. 85 00:06:10.180 --> 00:06:15.020 Hook your thumb in the corner of the victim's mouth behind his lower teeth. 86 00:06:15.680 --> 00:06:19.920 With his mouth held wide open, you can use only the mouth-to-mouth method. 87 00:06:20.660 --> 00:06:25.200 This method of thumb insertion may fail if the victim's jaw muscles are rigid, 88 00:06:25.720 --> 00:06:28.480 and it risks injury by sharp teeth. 89 00:06:29.940 --> 00:06:31.880 Let's watch the demonstration team. 90 00:06:32.440 --> 00:06:34.960 Remember the thumb in the inside of the mouth. 91 00:06:34.960 --> 00:06:40.560 In slow motion, see how the thumb should be placed for the best feel around the victim's mouth. 92 00:06:41.580 --> 00:06:45.620 You can watch the chest rise and fall with each breath. 93 00:06:51.240 --> 00:06:56.460 But the methods which require two hands on the victim's head cannot be used in the water. 94 00:06:56.960 --> 00:06:59.520 You need one hand just to hold on to the victim. 95 00:07:02.520 --> 00:07:05.020 Here's the head tilt method for use in the water. 96 00:07:05.760 --> 00:07:10.240 With only one hand, tilt the head back until the mouth opens by itself. 97 00:07:11.320 --> 00:07:13.780 Now you can start mouth-to-mouth breathing. 98 00:07:14.900 --> 00:07:18.300 You've got to use the other hand to hold on to the victim and carry him. 99 00:07:18.900 --> 00:07:23.920 To keep the air passage open with one hand, you must keep the head tilted way back. 100 00:07:27.520 --> 00:07:30.160 Let's repeat the demonstration in slow motion. 101 00:07:30.700 --> 00:07:33.680 Use one hand to tilt his head as far back as it will go. 102 00:07:34.200 --> 00:07:37.440 With this extreme tilt, the mouth opens by itself, 103 00:07:37.760 --> 00:07:41.580 so mouth-to-mouth breathing should be used instead of mouth-to-nose in the water. 104 00:07:42.620 --> 00:07:46.680 Let's see how tilting the head opens the mouth on the air passage in the model. 105 00:07:47.520 --> 00:07:49.880 One hand must hold the victim's body securely. 106 00:07:49.880 --> 00:07:56.840 To keep the air passage open, you must use extreme head tilt with only one hand on the crown of his head. 107 00:07:57.580 --> 00:07:59.880 Again, the cheek must seal the nostril. 108 00:08:02.520 --> 00:08:07.480 Rescue breathing can be combined in the water with any of the standard life-saving methods you've learned. 109 00:08:08.460 --> 00:08:13.880 Any one of the approved approaches or carries will fit in with a head tilt, mouth-to-mouth method. 110 00:08:14.760 --> 00:08:18.420 Once you're on shore, any method of rescue breathing can be used. 111 00:08:18.420 --> 00:08:21.800 Head tilt, jaw lift, or chin pull. 112 00:08:23.020 --> 00:08:25.540 To show you how the head tilt method works in the water, 113 00:08:26.180 --> 00:08:29.020 here's a front surface approach and a cross chest carry. 114 00:08:29.740 --> 00:08:34.140 Swim in, reverse your body position, grab the top of the wrist, 115 00:08:34.760 --> 00:08:41.300 pull it across your chest and out, grasp the chin, swim vigorously, and go into the cross chest carry. 116 00:08:42.060 --> 00:08:46.060 As soon as you can touch bottom, tilt his head back for rescue breathing. 117 00:08:46.060 --> 00:08:47.820 You see, it's simple. 118 00:08:49.200 --> 00:08:50.860 Now let's do it in the water. 119 00:08:58.580 --> 00:09:02.320 Swim in, grab the wrist and pull. 120 00:09:03.500 --> 00:09:08.920 Grasp the chin, swim vigorously, and go into the cross chest carry. 121 00:09:10.280 --> 00:09:14.740 As soon as you can touch the bottom, tilt the head and blow air into the lungs. 122 00:09:15.640 --> 00:09:18.340 Don't mind the water spurting into your face. 123 00:09:19.320 --> 00:09:21.760 Keep on blowing, every second count. 124 00:09:22.620 --> 00:09:26.500 Maintain the cross chest hold to control his body. 125 00:09:32.960 --> 00:09:37.520 Be sure your mouth is open wide and makes a tight seal around his mouth. 126 00:09:38.280 --> 00:09:40.360 Close his nostrils with your cheek. 127 00:09:44.960 --> 00:09:47.860 Continue rescue breathing as you walk through the water. 128 00:09:48.740 --> 00:09:52.260 As long as you're breathing for him, there's plenty of time to get him ashore. 129 00:09:52.800 --> 00:09:55.780 It's easy to expand his chest with each breath. 130 00:10:01.080 --> 00:10:04.220 When you reach the shoreline, if he's not breathing yet, 131 00:10:04.620 --> 00:10:10.140 it's better to keep his body in the cool water to cut down his need for oxygen until help arrives. 132 00:10:10.140 --> 00:10:15.200 Now let's see how to get this man ashore. 133 00:10:15.660 --> 00:10:18.800 If there is enough help, the three-man carry is best. 134 00:10:19.420 --> 00:10:22.000 This leaves the fourth man to keep up rescue breathing. 135 00:10:22.900 --> 00:10:26.900 The rescuer should keep the victim's head low and tilted back. 136 00:10:32.800 --> 00:10:34.600 Don't bring him in head first. 137 00:10:35.100 --> 00:10:36.920 The rescuer can't lead the way. 138 00:10:37.120 --> 00:10:38.680 He's busy breathing for two. 139 00:10:38.680 --> 00:10:44.060 The victim is carried out feet first so his head can be kept low for rescue breathing. 140 00:10:45.360 --> 00:10:48.720 As you come ashore, try to place him with his head downhill. 141 00:10:49.380 --> 00:10:51.920 Then the water from his stomach can drain out of his mouth. 142 00:10:52.740 --> 00:10:54.360 Press the excess water out. 143 00:10:55.400 --> 00:10:59.660 Turn his head to the side and let it drain out to prevent blowing it into his lungs. 144 00:11:00.320 --> 00:11:05.600 If his stomach is still full of water, inflating the lungs pushes it up out of his stomach. 145 00:11:06.420 --> 00:11:07.720 Drain it out each time. 146 00:11:07.720 --> 00:11:10.420 Remember, water in his stomach is secondary. 147 00:11:11.080 --> 00:11:12.860 Air in his lungs is vital. 148 00:11:16.300 --> 00:11:20.960 Water rescue can be started as soon as you can reach the victim's mouth with your mouth 149 00:11:20.960 --> 00:11:25.760 and is so versatile that it can be done in any situation, even from a boat. 150 00:11:27.660 --> 00:11:29.400 Approach the victim's stern first. 151 00:11:30.040 --> 00:11:32.020 Hook your elbow through his armpit. 152 00:11:32.320 --> 00:11:34.760 Tilt his head back and inflate his lungs. 153 00:11:34.760 --> 00:11:38.240 You can hear him breathe out each time you take your next breath. 154 00:11:38.900 --> 00:11:40.380 Breathing for him is urgent. 155 00:11:40.780 --> 00:11:42.380 Getting him ashore is not. 156 00:11:46.320 --> 00:11:51.760 If you're all alone, drop the oars and reach for the victim from the stern of the boat if possible. 157 00:11:55.960 --> 00:12:00.640 Hook your elbow through his armpit from the front, right to right or left to left. 158 00:12:01.000 --> 00:12:03.220 This rescuer is doing it left to left. 159 00:12:03.220 --> 00:12:08.040 The first ten breaths should be fast and deep to get oxygen into him. 160 00:12:08.500 --> 00:12:09.760 Then you can slow down. 161 00:12:10.160 --> 00:12:14.800 If breaths are deep enough, one breath every six seconds is enough for an adult victim. 162 00:12:15.340 --> 00:12:18.760 In any case, let him breathe out before the next breath. 163 00:12:19.420 --> 00:12:21.720 You don't need to lift your own head between breaths. 164 00:12:22.580 --> 00:12:27.040 Your position over the stern is fixed, but his body is lighter in the water, 165 00:12:27.460 --> 00:12:30.760 and it is easier to lower him a little between breaths. 166 00:12:37.300 --> 00:12:44.500 Remember, to avoid leakage, make a wide seal around his mouth and block his nostrils with your cheek. 167 00:12:51.840 --> 00:12:54.200 Whatever the boat, the principles are the same. 168 00:12:54.620 --> 00:12:58.660 Always hook your elbow through his armpit and grasp the stern if possible. 169 00:12:59.460 --> 00:13:02.520 This rescuer's right elbow is through the victim's right armpit. 170 00:13:02.520 --> 00:13:10.200 This locks the victim so securely that the current won't pull him away as you continue rescue breathing. 171 00:13:17.200 --> 00:13:20.440 Rescue breathing can even be done by a good canoeist. 172 00:13:20.780 --> 00:13:24.040 Try to balance yourself as near the center of the canoe as you can. 173 00:13:24.680 --> 00:13:31.160 If you lock the victim securely with one arm, you'll be able to tilt his head as far back as possible with the other hand 174 00:13:31.160 --> 00:13:33.140 to keep his air passage open. 175 00:13:33.740 --> 00:13:38.180 A few breaths may bring him around, so don't worry about getting ashore. 176 00:13:41.080 --> 00:13:43.220 Use rescue breathing from a paddleboard. 177 00:13:44.000 --> 00:13:50.040 Paddle in, grab the wrist, sit up, pull his arms across the paddleboard, 178 00:13:50.720 --> 00:13:54.340 push his body up with your foot, and slide him across the board. 179 00:13:54.960 --> 00:14:00.280 It takes a lot of practice to do this well, but it avoids the longer delay of getting him ashore. 180 00:14:01.160 --> 00:14:04.220 Then roll him over. Start rescue breathing. 181 00:14:08.440 --> 00:14:12.820 As long as you can see the chest expand, you can be sure rescue breathing is working. 182 00:14:13.680 --> 00:14:17.700 The victim's oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal are easily provided 183 00:14:17.700 --> 00:14:21.140 if the breaths are big enough to visibly expand his chest. 184 00:14:22.040 --> 00:14:24.920 This victim is getting at least two quarts of air with each breath. 185 00:14:25.440 --> 00:14:27.220 One quart would suffice. 186 00:14:27.220 --> 00:14:31.200 Rescue breathing is now officially accepted as the best method. 187 00:14:31.880 --> 00:14:35.400 Sometimes the victim doesn't recover promptly and must be taken to the hospital. 188 00:14:36.380 --> 00:14:42.840 No other emergency method of resuscitation is so versatile for all ages in all circumstances. 189 00:14:43.680 --> 00:14:48.420 It can be done in the water without interfering with getting the victim on a stretcher. 190 00:14:48.860 --> 00:14:51.460 It can be continued for hours without exhaustion. 191 00:14:52.400 --> 00:14:55.340 It does not require that the victim be placed on the ground. 192 00:14:56.000 --> 00:15:03.620 This method is so effective that it can be interrupted for 10 or 15 seconds at a time once the victim is pink. 193 00:15:04.440 --> 00:15:09.120 It can be done after the victim has been placed on a stretcher during his transport. 194 00:15:10.420 --> 00:15:12.920 With the public acceptance and use of rescue breathing, 195 00:15:13.500 --> 00:15:17.300 hundreds of lives have already been saved despite aesthetic objections, 196 00:15:17.760 --> 00:15:21.560 the fear of germs, and reluctance for intimate contact with a stranger. 197 00:15:22.480 --> 00:15:28.120 Rescue breathing has big reserves of pressure and volume which can be used in difficult situations. 198 00:15:28.780 --> 00:15:32.200 The rescuer sees, feels, and hears the effect of each breath. 199 00:15:32.960 --> 00:15:38.000 He can therefore avoid blowing too much into a small victim or too little into a big victim. 200 00:15:38.720 --> 00:15:44.540 The only equipment necessary for rescue breathing is your mouth, your lungs, and your hands. 201 00:15:45.060 --> 00:15:49.680 It is always available anywhere, anytime, for any victim. 202 00:15:51.560 --> 00:15:59.820 The rescue breathing is a very effective method to prevent the victim from blowing too much into a small victim. 203 00:15:59.820 --> 00:16:00.280 It is also effective in preventing the victim from blowing too much into a small victim. 204 00:16:02.480 --> 00:16:03.880 The rescue breathing is a very effective method to prevent the victim from blowing too much into a small victim. 205 00:16:03.880 --> 00:16:03.900 It is also effective in preventing the victim from blowing too much into a small victim. 206 00:16:03.900 --> 00:16:06.020 Thank you for watching!