WEBVTT 1 00:00:31.860 --> 00:00:46.480 To all ye here present in the parish of St. Xavier, in the borough of Lincoln Park, in the beautiful but polluted city of Chicago, 2 00:00:48.120 --> 00:00:55.340 governed by our most gracious and often-locuacious King Richard of Bridgeport, 3 00:00:57.860 --> 00:01:04.480 under the providence of Almighty God, we greet you in peace and love. 4 00:01:05.220 --> 00:01:07.800 Recorded history stretches back 5,000 years. 5 00:01:08.540 --> 00:01:12.580 5,000 years ago, there were already great cities and existence. 6 00:01:13.220 --> 00:01:16.540 What is good about cities is the same now as it was there. 7 00:01:17.660 --> 00:01:20.440 As Sophocles put it, the city is people. 8 00:01:22.300 --> 00:01:28.600 By besiege you to join with us in our merry celebration, all hail. 9 00:01:30.020 --> 00:01:31.540 All hail! 10 00:01:51.960 --> 00:01:57.400 We are here, we are here, we are here. 11 00:02:20.440 --> 00:02:23.160 To all ye! 12 00:02:51.140 --> 00:02:56.620 A lot of times in the city, people just go by, they won't notice anything at all. 13 00:02:56.740 --> 00:02:57.900 Like coming up on the L today. 14 00:02:59.160 --> 00:03:04.300 Nobody really noticed, which I thought was fabulous, because I was wearing this whole 15 00:03:04.300 --> 00:03:05.380 thing as you see it now. 16 00:03:06.200 --> 00:03:09.460 I prefer the country to the city, but you have to make a living. 17 00:03:10.140 --> 00:03:16.680 The city there's a lot going on, but the farm just, I don't know, there wouldn't be enough 18 00:03:16.680 --> 00:03:17.020 action. 19 00:03:17.640 --> 00:03:18.700 I guess it's people. 20 00:03:19.520 --> 00:03:23.060 And that's the reason I like Lincoln Park, too, because there are a lot of things happening. 21 00:03:23.720 --> 00:03:25.340 A wonderful sense of community. 22 00:03:26.840 --> 00:03:28.200 What's important about a sense of community? 23 00:03:28.440 --> 00:03:29.120 Why should that exist? 24 00:03:29.620 --> 00:03:32.500 Because it doesn't exist many places in Chicago, I don't think. 25 00:03:33.060 --> 00:03:34.820 And this is one of the places that it does exist. 26 00:03:35.740 --> 00:03:36.320 That's good. 27 00:03:39.700 --> 00:03:42.300 Lincoln Park is a lively community in Chicago. 28 00:03:42.980 --> 00:03:47.200 More than many other parts of the city, there is still a lingering sense of the village, 29 00:03:47.200 --> 00:03:50.660 something that has hard to find these days in American cities. 30 00:03:51.460 --> 00:03:55.180 And that many experts believe is exactly what is wrong with them. 31 00:03:56.280 --> 00:04:00.500 The basic building block of the city is the neighborhood, the village within the city. 32 00:04:01.580 --> 00:04:06.660 Without viable neighborhoods, the city becomes a collection of strangers, in anonymous and 33 00:04:06.660 --> 00:04:07.400 faceless place. 34 00:04:08.300 --> 00:04:16.020 From about 12,000 years ago, the vast majority of people all through the planet have lived 35 00:04:16.020 --> 00:04:17.900 in small villages and neighborhoods. 36 00:04:18.840 --> 00:04:25.800 Up to within the last 50 years, four fifths of the populations on this planet lived in villages. 37 00:04:26.600 --> 00:04:29.140 This is an environment which has a long tradition. 38 00:04:29.960 --> 00:04:30.760 Take Greenwich Village. 39 00:04:31.540 --> 00:04:36.700 Greenwich Village wasn't a village even a hundred years ago in the old sense. 40 00:04:37.240 --> 00:04:41.420 And yet there was a kind of neighborhoods and friendliness, recognition that they were 41 00:04:41.420 --> 00:04:42.600 part of the same unit. 42 00:04:42.600 --> 00:04:44.100 People used to be proud. 43 00:04:44.280 --> 00:04:49.440 Being members of the old Ninth Ward, much more than they were proud of being New Yorkers. 44 00:04:50.480 --> 00:04:58.740 These qualities are the things that kept these are the human qualities, the underlying face-to-face 45 00:04:58.740 --> 00:05:04.200 realities, which our impersonal abstract culture has almost wiped out. 46 00:05:04.840 --> 00:05:08.120 A city is not rich and mortar, glass and steel. 47 00:05:09.480 --> 00:05:11.620 It is the life, the human life. 48 00:05:12.460 --> 00:05:14.720 The web of interrelationships, it is important. 49 00:05:15.960 --> 00:05:19.240 City life is the life of many people living close together. 50 00:05:20.780 --> 00:05:24.780 The social structure of the city is far more important than the buildings themselves. 51 00:05:26.580 --> 00:05:30.780 High-rise buildings have given us the ability to concentrate fantastic numbers of people 52 00:05:30.780 --> 00:05:32.000 in small areas. 53 00:05:32.780 --> 00:05:38.640 What we have failed to consider is the effect this environment will have on the social organization 54 00:05:38.640 --> 00:05:39.300 of the city. 55 00:05:40.140 --> 00:05:45.360 The way people have lived for 12,000 years isn't it be dismissed and written off just because 56 00:05:45.360 --> 00:05:50.320 somebody is going to make a profit out of providing a different kind of a city for them to live in. 57 00:05:50.820 --> 00:05:56.400 I think New York is insane in building out to the bulkhead line with a brand new layer 58 00:05:56.400 --> 00:06:01.280 of city which will tower above everything we see there now when New York has a marvelous 59 00:06:02.540 --> 00:06:08.060 chance to limit its growth and have the growth happen in the burrows and in other places. 60 00:06:09.300 --> 00:06:17.060 There is some kind of insane process which says that we must realize all potential real 61 00:06:17.060 --> 00:06:20.660 state values growth itself and bigness and power alone. 62 00:06:21.040 --> 00:06:22.160 Don't make a great city. 63 00:06:22.980 --> 00:06:26.180 People talk because Jane Jacob does about the great city. 64 00:06:26.700 --> 00:06:32.480 At the moment when it is in the state of complete deterioration, when life is scarcely 65 00:06:32.480 --> 00:06:35.080 possible anymore in our bigger city. 66 00:07:22.240 --> 00:07:28.380 Our cities have been built for profit instead of people or to minimize costs at the expense 67 00:07:28.380 --> 00:07:28.920 of people. 68 00:07:29.620 --> 00:07:31.980 The most extreme example is public housing. 69 00:07:33.060 --> 00:07:36.240 One of the worst of these is the Pruitt-Igo project in St. Louis. 70 00:07:37.000 --> 00:07:41.340 This now defunct prison for the poor, consisted of 36 buildings. 71 00:07:42.440 --> 00:07:46.780 Although it was anticipated that large numbers of children would live there, the project 72 00:07:46.780 --> 00:07:48.920 was originally built without a single playground. 73 00:07:49.720 --> 00:07:53.240 Over the years, Pruitt-Igo bred violence and misery. 74 00:07:54.420 --> 00:08:00.480 There was an interaction between the design and the problems that the community had, particularly 75 00:08:01.200 --> 00:08:08.240 the heavy concentration of children and early teenagers and the lack of an ability to control 76 00:08:08.240 --> 00:08:15.400 those kids and their behavior so that in many ways the Pruitt-Igo felt tyrannized by children. 77 00:08:15.700 --> 00:08:20.940 Whether it was children dropping rocks or bottles out of high windows as you walked 78 00:08:20.940 --> 00:08:27.780 under the buildings or children breaking your windows and then the management which was 79 00:08:27.780 --> 00:08:33.780 hardly very confident or understanding, making you pay for the windows which your neighbors 80 00:08:33.780 --> 00:08:35.020 children had broken. 81 00:08:35.320 --> 00:08:42.700 People in Pruitt-Igo often spoke of it as a jungle and they tended to hold rather dim views 82 00:08:42.700 --> 00:08:50.140 of their neighbors and they saw the place as a dangerous, difficult, morally threatening 83 00:08:50.980 --> 00:08:51.660 environment. 84 00:08:52.580 --> 00:08:56.900 That tended to make people feel over time that perhaps there was something wrong with 85 00:08:56.900 --> 00:09:01.000 them or otherwise they wouldn't be stuck in a place like that. 86 00:09:01.180 --> 00:09:05.020 I think it had particularly that effect on the children and the project. 87 00:09:10.880 --> 00:09:16.620 In our shirt-sighted drive to realize all potential real estate value or to cut costs at 88 00:09:16.620 --> 00:09:21.460 the expense of basic human needs, we have set in motion forces that will be sent us 89 00:09:21.460 --> 00:09:22.340 for a long time. 90 00:09:23.640 --> 00:09:28.740 Crime in the urban environment is epidemic and short of a police state. 91 00:09:29.180 --> 00:09:31.940 There is no way law and order can be policed into being. 92 00:09:33.080 --> 00:09:34.280 Order must be organic. 93 00:09:35.300 --> 00:09:40.040 People must have a stake in the functioning of the city, something to gain by that order, 94 00:09:40.640 --> 00:09:45.340 something to lose if the order breaks down, a sense that it is responsive to their needs. 95 00:09:46.680 --> 00:09:50.980 The children of Pruitt-Igo, like the children of the streets in many parts of our cities, 96 00:09:50.980 --> 00:09:55.580 have experienced a hostile, bitter and sometimes brutal world. 97 00:09:56.460 --> 00:09:59.000 Is it any wonder that they give as bad as they got? 98 00:10:11.740 --> 00:10:13.480 What a meal, stuff! 99 00:10:13.720 --> 00:10:15.120 Tell me, is there really stuff? 100 00:10:15.340 --> 00:10:17.040 What do you mean, listen, that slides of Afghanistan right now? 101 00:10:17.040 --> 00:10:17.560 No, I know. 102 00:10:18.220 --> 00:10:19.340 I have to go home. 103 00:10:19.540 --> 00:10:20.060 Oh, no! 104 00:10:20.140 --> 00:10:20.620 Hey, honey! 105 00:10:21.160 --> 00:10:22.540 Honey, come here, you said he had to go home! 106 00:10:23.340 --> 00:10:24.600 I got to go home! 107 00:10:24.720 --> 00:10:29.640 Look, when it gets late, it's very dangerous outside, so I thought I'd get home before the 108 00:10:29.640 --> 00:10:30.180 trip was over. 109 00:10:30.280 --> 00:10:31.980 It is a jungle out there! 110 00:10:32.700 --> 00:10:34.360 And not only there, did you just... 111 00:10:34.360 --> 00:10:35.100 No, I didn't tell you. 112 00:10:35.140 --> 00:10:35.940 Not only on a street. 113 00:10:36.720 --> 00:10:39.820 In our high rise, the lady next door was stabbed. 114 00:10:40.300 --> 00:10:44.840 She was raped, repeatedly assaulted, and they ripped off her whole stereo system. 115 00:10:45.720 --> 00:10:46.600 Hey, my dog! 116 00:10:46.760 --> 00:10:47.800 How many speakers do you have? 117 00:10:48.040 --> 00:10:48.540 See, I have more speakers. 118 00:10:48.760 --> 00:10:48.960 Beautiful. 119 00:10:49.260 --> 00:10:50.520 Long time, long time. 120 00:10:51.000 --> 00:10:52.000 I think I can hear with it. 121 00:10:52.200 --> 00:10:53.980 Turn table and bottom, on external. 122 00:10:54.100 --> 00:10:55.520 Oh, no, I can hear it. 123 00:10:55.520 --> 00:10:56.120 Everything went. 124 00:10:56.380 --> 00:10:56.740 Terrible. 125 00:10:56.880 --> 00:10:57.260 Just terrible. 126 00:10:57.640 --> 00:10:58.660 Are you parked near here? 127 00:10:58.860 --> 00:10:59.460 A couple of bars. 128 00:11:00.200 --> 00:11:01.080 Run to your car. 129 00:11:01.980 --> 00:11:03.000 Run to my car. 130 00:11:03.160 --> 00:11:06.140 Car, down the middle of the street in a zigzag motion in and out of the lights. 131 00:11:06.440 --> 00:11:07.220 No, I don't think so. 132 00:11:07.420 --> 00:11:08.240 No, I really don't believe it. 133 00:11:08.240 --> 00:11:11.280 Well, if the police see him running in this neighborhood, they'll shoot him on sight. 134 00:11:11.500 --> 00:11:12.180 Oh, my God. 135 00:11:12.840 --> 00:11:14.260 I'll take a cab to my car. 136 00:11:14.480 --> 00:11:15.700 All right, okay, that's a good idea. 137 00:11:15.700 --> 00:11:16.640 See, all right, I'll do the part. 138 00:11:16.640 --> 00:11:17.200 One more thing. 139 00:11:17.300 --> 00:11:17.760 What is it? 140 00:11:17.760 --> 00:11:18.600 If you get home. 141 00:11:19.020 --> 00:11:19.840 Right now, get home. 142 00:11:20.120 --> 00:11:21.020 Wait a minute, let me sit here. 143 00:11:21.240 --> 00:11:22.020 I'm sorry. 144 00:11:22.220 --> 00:11:22.640 I'm sorry. 145 00:11:23.000 --> 00:11:24.260 When you get home, just give us a ring. 146 00:11:24.380 --> 00:11:25.100 Let us know you're safe. 147 00:11:25.220 --> 00:11:26.320 Okay, that's a good idea, Lee. 148 00:11:26.480 --> 00:11:27.100 Let us know. 149 00:11:27.120 --> 00:11:27.740 Listen to that. 150 00:11:27.860 --> 00:11:29.180 Why don't you buzz up from the lobby? 151 00:11:29.480 --> 00:11:29.680 Yeah. 152 00:11:29.860 --> 00:11:31.220 Just to let us know you made it that far. 153 00:11:31.940 --> 00:11:32.420 All right? 154 00:11:32.620 --> 00:11:35.540 All right, if you think it's necessary, you can get beat to. 155 00:11:35.600 --> 00:11:36.000 You know what I mean? 156 00:11:36.260 --> 00:11:36.620 Your purchase. 157 00:11:36.780 --> 00:11:37.040 Oh, yeah. 158 00:11:37.300 --> 00:11:39.680 All right, you can do me a favor. 159 00:11:39.880 --> 00:11:40.480 Lock your door. 160 00:11:42.860 --> 00:11:43.580 All right. 161 00:11:43.640 --> 00:11:44.180 That's the body. 162 00:11:44.700 --> 00:11:45.660 Bye-bye, so long, girl. 163 00:11:46.160 --> 00:11:46.820 Sorry, guys. 164 00:11:48.080 --> 00:11:48.920 What do you mean? 165 00:11:49.220 --> 00:11:49.560 What do you mean? 166 00:11:49.800 --> 00:11:49.920 What do you mean? 167 00:11:49.920 --> 00:11:50.180 What do you mean? 168 00:11:50.220 --> 00:11:50.440 You're out there. 169 00:11:50.600 --> 00:11:50.920 Who is it? 170 00:11:50.980 --> 00:11:53.520 Oh, no, it's just not going to let the cat fight. 171 00:11:53.680 --> 00:11:54.160 What do you mean? 172 00:11:54.160 --> 00:11:55.200 The cat's so knock on the door. 173 00:11:55.300 --> 00:11:55.580 What do you mean? 174 00:11:56.700 --> 00:11:58.440 Maybe they're so much less than me. 175 00:11:58.560 --> 00:11:59.020 Now wait a minute. 176 00:11:59.960 --> 00:12:01.280 Hey, she's not your human knock. 177 00:12:01.480 --> 00:12:01.620 I don't know. 178 00:12:01.820 --> 00:12:03.280 No, no, no, no. 179 00:12:03.620 --> 00:12:04.520 You're not my store. 180 00:12:04.720 --> 00:12:04.800 No, no, no, no, no. 181 00:12:04.800 --> 00:12:04.800 182 00:12:05.200 --> 00:12:05.400 You're my store. 183 00:12:05.400 --> 00:12:05.520 You're my store. 184 00:12:05.520 --> 00:12:05.920 You're my store. 185 00:12:06.460 --> 00:12:06.460 186 00:12:06.460 --> 00:12:07.780 You're my store. 187 00:12:12.220 --> 00:12:13.380 No, they're on sale. 188 00:12:13.540 --> 00:12:13.900 No, they're on sale. 189 00:12:13.900 --> 00:12:14.240 No, I don't know. 190 00:12:14.580 --> 00:12:15.360 I'm coming. 191 00:12:15.620 --> 00:12:16.340 I'm coming. 192 00:12:16.580 --> 00:12:17.080 I'm coming. 193 00:12:17.240 --> 00:12:17.960 I'm coming. 194 00:12:18.000 --> 00:12:19.160 Oh, God, what happened? 195 00:12:19.440 --> 00:12:20.580 Call my finger in the door. 196 00:12:21.320 --> 00:12:24.380 Oh, God. 197 00:12:27.700 --> 00:12:30.480 One of the unique characteristics of our age 198 00:12:30.480 --> 00:12:33.000 is that we are all within reach. 199 00:12:34.180 --> 00:12:36.440 Nowhere is this more true than in a big city. 200 00:12:37.500 --> 00:12:39.660 Large numbers of people live in close proximity. 201 00:12:40.240 --> 00:12:41.580 No man is an island. 202 00:12:42.620 --> 00:12:45.040 Thus it is difficult to escape your neighbor's problems. 203 00:12:46.040 --> 00:12:48.720 The urban poor are for all practical purposes, 204 00:12:49.380 --> 00:12:50.380 trapped in the city. 205 00:12:51.440 --> 00:12:54.660 You know, we live in an economy that is more and more interdependent. 206 00:12:55.680 --> 00:12:58.820 In the old days, if you didn't make it in the city, 207 00:12:59.200 --> 00:12:59.840 you had an exit. 208 00:13:00.340 --> 00:13:01.680 And the exit was to go back to the farm. 209 00:13:02.420 --> 00:13:04.540 Even in the depression, the great depression. 210 00:13:05.060 --> 00:13:08.040 The very substantial number of city unemployed 211 00:13:08.040 --> 00:13:09.560 went back to the farms. 212 00:13:10.100 --> 00:13:15.200 Today, I think it's 4% of the workforce is in rural areas, 213 00:13:15.200 --> 00:13:18.280 and many of them are very poor marginal farmers. 214 00:13:19.700 --> 00:13:23.420 Who in the city slums has a relative back in the farms? 215 00:13:23.740 --> 00:13:24.080 Answer. 216 00:13:24.680 --> 00:13:25.600 Damn few people. 217 00:13:26.220 --> 00:13:29.580 So that when the slums don't work, as indeed they don't, 218 00:13:30.060 --> 00:13:30.880 there's no exit. 219 00:13:31.300 --> 00:13:32.980 You really are stuck there. 220 00:13:33.260 --> 00:13:35.740 The oldest cave hatch was literally migration. 221 00:13:35.740 --> 00:13:40.140 I mean, you went from the city to the new escape hatch has to be 222 00:13:40.140 --> 00:13:44.840 the ability to find a workable career in the city itself, 223 00:13:45.360 --> 00:13:47.740 a livable life in the city itself. 224 00:13:48.160 --> 00:13:50.240 You've got to find jobs for people. 225 00:13:50.400 --> 00:13:52.240 You've got to train people to make those jobs, 226 00:13:52.400 --> 00:13:54.480 so jobs have to be better than dead-end jobs. 227 00:13:55.180 --> 00:13:59.500 The top priority has to be for families that are poor 228 00:13:59.500 --> 00:14:04.120 to have the kind of incomes that will allow them not to be poor anymore. 229 00:14:04.120 --> 00:14:08.800 We manage to think of almost every other possible intervention, 230 00:14:08.800 --> 00:14:14.240 but somehow we're not able to see to it that families just don't have to live 231 00:14:14.240 --> 00:14:15.820 with low incomes. 232 00:14:16.380 --> 00:14:20.540 The eradication of poverty would probably do more than any other single act 233 00:14:20.540 --> 00:14:23.900 to improve city life, but many things are necessary. 234 00:14:24.820 --> 00:14:29.540 We must tame the explosive growth of the city and tailor it to the needs of the people 235 00:14:29.540 --> 00:14:30.400 who must live in it. 236 00:14:31.020 --> 00:14:32.340 How is this to be done? 237 00:14:33.060 --> 00:14:36.840 The first step is by simply asking the people what they want. 238 00:14:37.440 --> 00:14:40.460 By coming in with a fresh idea, first of all, 239 00:14:40.620 --> 00:14:45.980 and then slowly approaching the people in the community and finding out what's in their minds, 240 00:14:46.660 --> 00:14:48.940 and what they think should be done. 241 00:14:49.400 --> 00:14:54.280 Often they have very good ideas, which they haven't been able to explain to anybody, 242 00:14:54.440 --> 00:14:55.860 or get anybody to listen to. 243 00:14:56.260 --> 00:14:59.460 When we get to replanting our communities, we can plan them 244 00:14:59.460 --> 00:15:01.380 so as to make cooperation but easier. 245 00:15:01.780 --> 00:15:05.580 Make cooperation between parents looking after their children, baby sitting. 246 00:15:06.000 --> 00:15:09.500 If nobody can look after their children successfully, 247 00:15:09.920 --> 00:15:14.760 if their 15 stories above the ground and their little child was in need of her mother's help, 248 00:15:15.320 --> 00:15:17.000 there's 15 stories away from them. 249 00:15:18.620 --> 00:15:23.100 The urban environment is the most complex series of systems we've yet to devise. 250 00:15:24.280 --> 00:15:28.240 Technology has given us the tools to build enormous buildings in a matter of months. 251 00:15:29.240 --> 00:15:30.860 It may also help us to build them right. 252 00:15:31.800 --> 00:15:36.720 At MIT's School of Architecture, computer scientists are working out methods 253 00:15:36.720 --> 00:15:40.820 for predicting the effective urban designs before they are actually constructed. 254 00:15:41.580 --> 00:15:44.760 The problems are too complicated for one man to solve now. 255 00:15:45.200 --> 00:15:46.880 That's an accepted fact. 256 00:15:47.100 --> 00:15:56.120 That's why the team concept, for instance, of indesigning is becoming very common these days. 257 00:15:57.120 --> 00:16:00.560 We're just proposing that a machine be one member of the team. 258 00:16:01.080 --> 00:16:03.680 Let's look at the situation as it now exists. 259 00:16:04.080 --> 00:16:06.700 It's largely done on the basis of intuitive decision making, 260 00:16:08.300 --> 00:16:13.460 on the basis of economic decisions, on the basis of people that have money, 261 00:16:13.640 --> 00:16:15.820 and make decisions in positions of power. 262 00:16:17.660 --> 00:16:21.540 They aren't likely to change their mode of decision making, 263 00:16:21.900 --> 00:16:23.500 unless they're showing something better. 264 00:16:25.520 --> 00:16:30.440 Charles Libby works for the computer language called discourse, which he helped invent. 265 00:16:31.560 --> 00:16:36.780 The problem he's working with here is how to arrange the open space within a projected development 266 00:16:36.780 --> 00:16:40.380 so that it will be most accessible to the children who will live there. 267 00:16:41.740 --> 00:16:45.820 Stored in the computer's memory are various attributes of the proposed development, 268 00:16:46.560 --> 00:16:50.900 information from maps and aerial photographs, population densities, and so on. 269 00:16:51.840 --> 00:16:56.640 Libby first asks the computer to display the kind of information it has on the subject. 270 00:16:57.200 --> 00:16:59.920 Then he asks how many kids will live there? 271 00:17:00.880 --> 00:17:02.740 Answer 1262. 272 00:17:05.140 --> 00:17:08.280 In this display, dots indicate low density. 273 00:17:09.500 --> 00:17:11.280 Each indicates high density. 274 00:17:12.280 --> 00:17:14.680 O stands for open space or park. 275 00:17:16.140 --> 00:17:19.760 Using mathematical models that describe the way children use parks, 276 00:17:19.760 --> 00:17:24.360 the computer determines the number of kids who will use the park on an average nice day. 277 00:17:25.860 --> 00:17:27.060 Answer 412. 278 00:17:28.340 --> 00:17:33.840 Libby and the computer then participate in a dialogue that generates alternatives to the original plan. 279 00:17:35.040 --> 00:17:39.340 Finally, they arrive at an arrangement of open space better than the original plan. 280 00:17:41.160 --> 00:17:44.360 473 kids would use the park instead of 412. 281 00:17:45.360 --> 00:17:52.220 A lot of what we're trying to do is to give people access to computers in a much more human way, 282 00:17:52.540 --> 00:17:54.520 humanize the computers if you will. 283 00:18:01.340 --> 00:18:04.840 James Taggart works with a computer language called Hunch. 284 00:18:08.700 --> 00:18:13.360 Hunch allows people to communicate with a computer directly by means of sketching. 285 00:18:15.260 --> 00:18:20.400 Other computer languages being developed deal with the interrelationship of common space, 286 00:18:20.940 --> 00:18:25.380 such as an urban neighborhood, and with the flow of services in an urban environment, 287 00:18:25.860 --> 00:18:29.080 police services, sanitary services, and so forth. 288 00:18:30.820 --> 00:18:37.700 Thus it may be that the computer will form the basis of a nervous system that will help us coordinate human needs in the built environment. 289 00:18:38.620 --> 00:18:42.140 The computer may help us, but it will not bail us out. 290 00:18:43.100 --> 00:18:46.380 Basically our problems are not technological, but human. 291 00:18:47.300 --> 00:18:48.540 The city is people. 292 00:18:49.500 --> 00:18:53.060 Until as a society, we come to terms with that fact. 293 00:18:53.640 --> 00:18:58.740 Until we understand that a healthy city must articulate the life and needs of its people. 294 00:18:59.100 --> 00:19:01.520 We have little hope of improving the situation. 295 00:19:02.600 --> 00:19:09.320 In our great cities, large part of the population, show no mere vestige of the human heritage. 296 00:19:09.320 --> 00:19:14.000 They are hostile to each other and hostile to the rest of the community. 297 00:19:14.620 --> 00:19:19.740 We must, uh, the one great task of man from the very beginning was how to become human. 298 00:19:20.240 --> 00:19:21.880 We must learn this all over again. 299 00:19:30.220 --> 00:19:35.660 Oh, my God! 300 00:19:38.460 --> 00:19:39.940 I'm getting a money for a child. 301 00:19:40.300 --> 00:19:42.300 No, all right, relax here. 302 00:19:43.500 --> 00:19:44.900 Get out of my house, dude. 303 00:19:45.440 --> 00:19:46.340 Stop talking to Army. 304 00:19:46.660 --> 00:19:47.140 I'm just kidding. 305 00:19:48.680 --> 00:19:50.320 Honey, look, we're getting in here. 306 00:19:50.880 --> 00:19:53.440 Let me, let me, it's so great meeting now. 307 00:19:53.640 --> 00:19:54.740 Don't let me get in here. 308 00:19:54.880 --> 00:19:57.320 No, let me get in here. 309 00:20:00.460 --> 00:20:01.300 Doctor, you're doctor. 310 00:20:01.660 --> 00:20:01.820 What? 311 00:20:02.240 --> 00:20:02.720 I can hear you. 312 00:20:02.760 --> 00:20:03.720 I've been beaten up in May. 313 00:20:03.920 --> 00:20:07.560 Oh, you see, you need a bone specialist and an eye here knows how to help me. 314 00:20:07.640 --> 00:20:08.800 You never said I'd help your rollers. 315 00:20:08.900 --> 00:20:09.420 I don't care. 316 00:20:09.460 --> 00:20:11.700 If I treat you in the park, what do I get sued for now? 317 00:20:11.840 --> 00:20:12.620 Will you help me? 318 00:20:12.780 --> 00:20:13.980 I've only picked two asses. 319 00:20:14.260 --> 00:20:14.480 Oh, yeah! 320 00:20:19.800 --> 00:20:22.060 Oh, you look like you're in pretty bad shape, brother. 321 00:20:22.320 --> 00:20:24.180 You gotta let Zeus in here, will you? 322 00:20:24.220 --> 00:20:24.860 I don't need that. 323 00:20:24.880 --> 00:20:25.660 I need bringing peace. 324 00:20:25.920 --> 00:20:26.680 I don't need it. 325 00:20:26.980 --> 00:20:27.520 You don't want peace? 326 00:20:27.740 --> 00:20:28.340 I want peace. 327 00:20:28.340 --> 00:20:28.780 You don't want peace. 328 00:20:29.000 --> 00:20:29.780 I'm gonna pick you. 329 00:20:29.880 --> 00:20:30.220 You don't want peace. 330 00:20:30.460 --> 00:20:31.140 I'm gonna pick you up. 331 00:20:31.600 --> 00:20:31.760 I'm gonna pick you up. 332 00:20:32.100 --> 00:20:33.060 I'm gonna pick you up. 333 00:20:33.060 --> 00:20:34.340 I'm gonna pick you up. 334 00:20:34.340 --> 00:20:35.420 I'm gonna pick you up. 335 00:20:35.780 --> 00:20:38.600 What's up, you're gonna pick you up? 336 00:20:38.600 --> 00:20:39.840 Come on, come on, come on, come on. 337 00:20:40.160 --> 00:20:41.320 I'll make you make me sick. 338 00:20:41.920 --> 00:20:43.460 Oh, you're screaming about police brutality. 339 00:20:43.460 --> 00:20:45.480 I'll show you police brutality. 340 00:20:46.300 --> 00:20:47.180 Wait a car, Clark. 341 00:20:47.320 --> 00:20:47.960 Look at this ticket. 342 00:20:50.200 --> 00:20:51.380 Wait a minute. 343 00:20:58.220 --> 00:21:02.020 I'll show you police brutality. 344 00:21:02.020 --> 00:21:02.020 345 00:21:02.020 --> 00:21:02.020 346 00:21:02.020 --> 00:21:02.620 I'll show you police brutality. 347 00:21:02.700 --> 00:21:03.260 Wait a minute. 348 00:21:03.260 --> 00:21:08.700 The organism that I find in cities today 349 00:21:08.700 --> 00:21:12.380 is the organism of a deraine of the organism, 350 00:21:12.380 --> 00:21:13.900 which is destroying itself. 351 00:21:15.040 --> 00:21:17.160 And it's like a garden full of weeds. 352 00:21:17.440 --> 00:21:19.040 Or it's like anything that isn't working. 353 00:21:25.060 --> 00:21:29.960 The functional distress of great cities 354 00:21:29.960 --> 00:21:31.660 that require people who live in them 355 00:21:31.660 --> 00:21:34.380 to suffer incredible amounts of inconvenience, 356 00:21:35.220 --> 00:21:38.900 and hazard, and delay, and so on, and long drives to work. 357 00:21:40.800 --> 00:21:42.360 They're becoming less and less successful. 358 00:21:42.360 --> 00:21:42.840 That's halvable. 359 00:21:43.220 --> 00:21:45.200 But people were too tired at the end of the day 360 00:21:45.200 --> 00:21:48.360 to deal seriously with political problems. 361 00:21:49.160 --> 00:21:50.000 They left it to the boss. 362 00:21:50.520 --> 00:21:52.020 Originally, they left it to the king, 363 00:21:52.340 --> 00:21:54.020 some kind of centralized authority. 364 00:21:54.660 --> 00:21:55.720 Now they have enough leisure 365 00:21:56.380 --> 00:21:57.820 to spend on politics. 366 00:21:58.100 --> 00:21:59.140 There's nothing more fascinating. 367 00:21:59.800 --> 00:22:00.680 Dealing with other men. 368 00:22:00.980 --> 00:22:05.440 Dealing with manipulating, controlling, cooperating with other men. 369 00:22:06.200 --> 00:22:11.320 And as soon as people learn that this is the real one, 370 00:22:11.320 --> 00:22:12.520 they'll begin. 371 00:22:12.740 --> 00:22:16.080 They know politics can be used for many purposes. 372 00:22:16.320 --> 00:22:18.480 It can be used for corrupt purposes, too. 373 00:22:18.920 --> 00:22:20.920 But it can also be used for enlightened ones. 374 00:22:21.140 --> 00:22:24.200 And what is sufficient number of intelligent, animated, 375 00:22:24.560 --> 00:22:27.140 and emotionally undisturbed citizens, 376 00:22:27.800 --> 00:22:28.820 are interested in politics. 377 00:22:29.420 --> 00:22:33.380 The new kind of city will grow around us faster than ever before. 378 00:22:34.180 --> 00:22:37.720 I believe direct citizens' action is necessary in Chicago. 379 00:22:37.720 --> 00:22:40.640 So simply because our elected officials are responsible 380 00:22:40.640 --> 00:22:43.840 to the Democratic machine, the response is to big business, 381 00:22:44.300 --> 00:22:46.040 and they're all responsible to money. 382 00:22:46.540 --> 00:22:49.380 But they are not responsible to the average citizen, you and me. 383 00:22:50.000 --> 00:22:51.880 We have a perfect example today. 384 00:22:52.760 --> 00:22:57.060 100 senior citizens, taxpayers and residents of Chicago, 385 00:22:57.180 --> 00:22:58.560 some of them for 50 years. 386 00:22:59.340 --> 00:23:01.760 They were down at the county board with a simple plea. 387 00:23:02.400 --> 00:23:03.680 Help us save our homes. 388 00:23:03.680 --> 00:23:07.320 In Chicago, a group called the Citizens' Action Program 389 00:23:07.320 --> 00:23:10.740 is composed of intelligent, animated, 390 00:23:11.260 --> 00:23:14.140 and emotionally undisturbed citizens interested in politics. 391 00:23:15.360 --> 00:23:17.800 KAP participates in the political life of the city 392 00:23:17.800 --> 00:23:20.100 and not just in an election year. 393 00:23:21.400 --> 00:23:24.600 Dennis Sweeney, who's worked with KAP for more than a year now, 394 00:23:25.040 --> 00:23:27.900 is an ex-Chicago policeman who learned a lot about 395 00:23:27.900 --> 00:23:30.200 how the city operates while he was on the force. 396 00:23:30.200 --> 00:23:33.100 As a patrolman on the street, generally you only see 397 00:23:33.100 --> 00:23:37.320 the small things, but you learn right off that money means power. 398 00:23:38.500 --> 00:23:42.080 Talking about things as small as fixing a parking ticket, 399 00:23:42.900 --> 00:23:46.360 the things as large as getting a permit to build lake point towers 400 00:23:46.360 --> 00:23:47.280 on the lakefronts. 401 00:23:47.780 --> 00:23:49.300 It all comes down to the same thing. 402 00:23:50.080 --> 00:23:52.080 A KAP we feel is only one answer. 403 00:23:52.520 --> 00:23:54.420 That's what Lendouby calls people power. 404 00:23:55.380 --> 00:23:58.920 Lots of people with big mouths, and they use them. 405 00:23:58.920 --> 00:24:02.260 And it's all we've got, besides our research 406 00:24:02.260 --> 00:24:04.680 and occasional technical expertise, 407 00:24:05.300 --> 00:24:07.540 to fight the men who want to destroy our lake 408 00:24:07.540 --> 00:24:09.000 and the name of urban progress. 409 00:24:10.020 --> 00:24:11.400 Mr. Chairman, members of the committee. 410 00:24:13.520 --> 00:24:14.260 I'm Paul Booth. 411 00:24:14.360 --> 00:24:17.260 I'm representing the Citizens' Action Program, or KAP. 412 00:24:18.020 --> 00:24:21.720 The Citizens' Action Program is an ecology organization. 413 00:24:22.000 --> 00:24:23.680 It is also a taxpayers organization. 414 00:24:26.020 --> 00:24:29.740 It is not true that this is a tax boom to the city of Chicago. 415 00:24:29.880 --> 00:24:32.680 These high-rise plans, in fact, it is a tax drain. 416 00:24:33.620 --> 00:24:35.100 There is another city in the world. 417 00:24:35.480 --> 00:24:39.100 It was said that there are none with Lakefronts as beautiful as ours. 418 00:24:39.200 --> 00:24:41.700 There's at least one, Geneva, Switzerland, 419 00:24:41.900 --> 00:24:43.560 where some of our local politicians bank. 420 00:24:46.800 --> 00:24:49.680 You can be sure that they don't build high rises on that lakefronts. 421 00:24:50.810 --> 00:24:54.010 There's a politician and there's a legislature, a legislator, 422 00:24:54.130 --> 00:24:56.430 when you refer to politicians who bank in Switzerland. 423 00:24:57.150 --> 00:24:59.770 You cast a despairing remark against me. 424 00:25:00.750 --> 00:25:03.550 And there's a witness that doesn't go over too well. 425 00:25:03.770 --> 00:25:07.510 The citizens and taxpayers of Chicago believe that the same people 426 00:25:07.510 --> 00:25:10.790 who've been victimizing us by rigging the taxes 427 00:25:10.790 --> 00:25:13.630 and favor special interests against the ordinary taxpayer. 428 00:25:14.370 --> 00:25:16.910 The same interests, for example, 429 00:25:16.910 --> 00:25:19.470 that kept that IC Air Rights area that we're talking about, 430 00:25:19.690 --> 00:25:20.770 off the tax rolls. 431 00:25:21.290 --> 00:25:24.270 You'll legally off the tax rolls for 18 months after 432 00:25:24.270 --> 00:25:26.090 it was turned over for commercial development. 433 00:25:26.770 --> 00:25:29.870 As shocking deprivation of money when the schools need money, 434 00:25:30.450 --> 00:25:34.530 you don't think that if a small homeowner has an improvement 435 00:25:34.530 --> 00:25:36.990 that they omit that from the tax rolls, 436 00:25:37.170 --> 00:25:39.610 but $6 million in tax money was lost annually. 437 00:25:40.210 --> 00:25:42.610 Those same people who run that crooked assessor's office, 438 00:25:42.810 --> 00:25:44.030 some of them have been indicted. 439 00:25:44.030 --> 00:25:47.530 I think it's highly irregular to go into the taxing authority 440 00:25:47.530 --> 00:25:49.970 to chart crooked and that nothing to do with the bill 441 00:25:49.970 --> 00:25:51.130 is not your main disease hearing. 442 00:25:51.390 --> 00:25:53.470 And I'm going to rule it out of word with the theme of the next question. 443 00:25:53.570 --> 00:25:54.970 Well, sir, if there are the questions, please. 444 00:25:55.410 --> 00:25:56.070 I agree. 445 00:25:56.690 --> 00:25:57.710 The next question was raised. 446 00:25:57.790 --> 00:26:01.090 Any of the one-be-one, you are not going to show me down. 447 00:26:01.550 --> 00:26:04.390 The question has been answered, and we've gone beyond the question. 448 00:26:04.470 --> 00:26:06.250 Now, do you want to wholly hear it or don't you? 449 00:26:06.330 --> 00:26:06.650 It's your bill. 450 00:26:07.250 --> 00:26:07.530 Next question. 451 00:26:07.890 --> 00:26:09.650 We want to speak to you with God these days. 452 00:26:09.710 --> 00:26:11.810 Please, please, please, whoever's out there. 453 00:26:11.810 --> 00:26:13.630 I'm going to have to leave, but before I do, 454 00:26:13.690 --> 00:26:13.870 you may. 455 00:26:14.350 --> 00:26:16.470 You're absolutely, and you can't keep still. 456 00:26:16.790 --> 00:26:17.530 I believe you may be. 457 00:26:17.610 --> 00:26:17.950 Goodbye. 458 00:26:18.430 --> 00:26:18.790 Goodbye. 459 00:26:19.150 --> 00:26:20.870 Your escorting mouth, if you will, please. 460 00:26:21.810 --> 00:26:22.890 Well, then get out. 461 00:26:23.010 --> 00:26:24.790 If you can't keep your mouth shut, get out. 462 00:26:24.910 --> 00:26:26.170 Don't point for everybody else. 463 00:26:27.030 --> 00:26:28.750 These other people want this bill heard. 464 00:26:30.950 --> 00:26:32.770 Get your fake mouth and get out. 465 00:26:33.910 --> 00:26:36.070 Oh, I really must say this. 466 00:26:36.210 --> 00:26:37.370 Now, you may be in the door. 467 00:26:37.490 --> 00:26:37.990 You may leave. 468 00:26:38.090 --> 00:26:38.810 I'm in the way. 469 00:26:39.250 --> 00:26:40.590 You want me to close this up. 470 00:26:40.590 --> 00:26:41.030 No. 471 00:26:41.110 --> 00:26:42.030 You're out of order. 472 00:26:42.370 --> 00:26:42.550 I know. 473 00:26:43.590 --> 00:26:44.910 Now, we came here to hear it. 474 00:26:45.370 --> 00:26:46.890 This is completely irrelevant to Mary. 475 00:26:47.170 --> 00:26:47.590 Go, Mary. 476 00:26:47.630 --> 00:26:47.830 Go, Mary. 477 00:26:48.130 --> 00:26:48.130 478 00:26:49.410 --> 00:26:53.090 Most people have the notion that if any great change is to be affected, 479 00:26:53.290 --> 00:26:57.590 it will be done through the government or through the bureaucracy or through education, 480 00:26:57.970 --> 00:26:59.230 somebody else's education. 481 00:26:59.730 --> 00:27:03.270 Whereas the only place where any real change begins is with oneself. 482 00:27:09.550 --> 00:27:11.430 The city is people. 483 00:27:11.870 --> 00:27:14.630 It is people that are the real riches of the city. 484 00:27:15.150 --> 00:27:18.570 People who suffer from the city's current harshness and hazards, 485 00:27:19.270 --> 00:27:20.830 and people who must change it. 486 00:27:23.650 --> 00:27:29.610 Our cities and city governments have become too big to manage intelligently from a central authority. 487 00:27:30.310 --> 00:27:34.970 They are over centralized, and according to experts like Lewis Mumperton, 488 00:27:35.450 --> 00:27:36.470 should be decentralized. 489 00:27:38.050 --> 00:27:43.090 Each area of the city should be able to exercise control over the affairs of life 490 00:27:43.090 --> 00:27:44.390 that directly concern it. 491 00:27:45.690 --> 00:27:50.230 At the heart of a healthy city is the village, the small community, the neighborhood. 492 00:27:51.310 --> 00:27:56.450 At the heart of the neighborhood is the individual who feels that if something is wrong, 493 00:27:56.450 --> 00:27:58.590 he can do something to change it. 494 00:27:59.770 --> 00:28:03.590 A healthy city is one in which the people, all the people, 495 00:28:04.150 --> 00:28:06.110 have a stake in the functioning order, 496 00:28:07.090 --> 00:28:09.430 something to lose if that order breaks down, 497 00:28:10.330 --> 00:28:12.830 a sense that it is responsive to their needs. 498 00:28:12.830 --> 00:28:13.370 The city is people. 499 00:28:13.630 --> 00:28:17.170 People who suffer from the city's current harshness and hazards, 500 00:28:17.170 --> 00:28:22.830 they are the real riches of the city. 501 00:28:22.830 --> 00:28:25.930 We are the real riches of the city. 502 00:28:30.670 --> 00:28:32.650 People who suffer from the city. 503 00:28:32.850 --> 00:28:34.410 People who suffer from the city. 504 00:28:35.050 --> 00:28:42.810 We are the real riches of the city. 505 00:28:44.350 --> 00:28:45.750 The city is people.