WEBVTT

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Oh, watch out for my

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Here's a chorus of mighty gilders,

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gilded for the brighter day.

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Calling from the world to listen,

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this, my brothers, is the way,

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this old man is freedom's way.

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Today's achievements began in the far,

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far distant past when the earth was shrouded in the

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mists of ignorance and fear. In those dim ages of man's beginning,

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fire became the first and greatest friend of the caveman,

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the very symbol of his primitive home. He learned to warm in it,

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to light with it, and to cook what the hunter brought.

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During the succeeding thousands of years, man learned to replace

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the crude stone weapons of war and of the hunt with copper and bronze weapons

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and tools, and observed a log rolling, and at last worked out the device

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of the wheel, one of his greatest achievements.

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While man was harnessing the forces of nature with his tools, he was also following

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the less praiseworthy course of subduing and harnessing his fellow man.

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Under the merciless lash of the taskmaster,

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the slave tugged with straining sinews and tortured limbs

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to drag the quarried rock. The sun scorches

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and sears their bent body, but the will of the pharaoh

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goes and drives them on to build

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the pyramid, one of the greatest engineering feats in

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the history of man, but useless,

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for it served the vanity of one man,

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a tomb for a dead king.

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From the banks of the Nile, the science of the ancient

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world moved to the Isles of Greece, under the Azure Grecian skies

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philosophers walked about, exchanging thoughts and formulating theories

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on mathematics, medicine, logic and ethics,

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Euclid, Pythagoras, Archimedes and Hero delighted in abstract

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speculation, but saw no need to give to the people practical application

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of their remarkable invention.

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Time passed,

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Rome had defeated Carthage and half the world

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bowed down before her.

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Well done,

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O Appius Claudius, a feat of daring engineering

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equal to your feat of building the aqueduct. Now the Appian Way,

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named in your honor, will continue on to Capua.

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Well, you deserve the honors the Republican bestow upon those who

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engineer the paths of Roman glory. You do me too much honor.

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There remains much to be done.

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How far go your plan?

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My blind eyes see far beyond this road. With my

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inner vision, I see Roman engineers building

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roads leading to the far corners of the Earth.

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Roman roads will bear our own power

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to all the world, and all the world will come

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to mighty Rome.

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But now, old consul,

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grant me leave, that I may repair

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the streets of the suburbia where lived the poor.

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What would you give the poor? A strip of pavement or the glory

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of conquering Rome? Use your skills for conquest,

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for glory. Scatter them not as crumb as before the rabble,

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but I hear the cheers of the multitude. The ceremonies

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are about to begin. Come, give me your hand,

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Christ-gifted Appius, famed engineer of Rome.

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Rome's engineers

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attained a degree of skill unequaled until modern times.

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But to spread the flow of learning, there was needed one vehicle,

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the printed word.

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Impromptus, Johannes Gutenberg.

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My, this is a remarkable calendar.

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The year on the Domine

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1456.

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Beautiful, beautiful.

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Master Gutenberg.

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May I see a page of your printed Bible? Oh, certainly, Hallier.

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Here you are. Thank you. Why, it is even

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clearer than the scripted among. Yeah, Hallier.

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How many of these can you produce? Oh, as many as you wish, as long as

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I have ink and paper. But how do you manage it?

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Oh, I'm an old goldsmith and mastering graver. You see, Hallier,

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the thought came upon me that metal type would not crack

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or wear out as does the wooden block. And so I cast

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large quantities of each letter of the alphabet in brass

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mode. I shall show you, Hallier. Hans, come, bring me that mode.

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You bring it over. Thank you.

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Ah, here you see, Hallier, movable lead type.

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I see. You lock the letters into words.

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And each letter is interchangeable. Hans, Hans.

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A magnificent new idea, Master Gutenberg.

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Thank you, Hallier, thank you. Hans, get master first.

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Hallier, you see, after I have printed

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one page of the Bible, I unlock the form and reassemble

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my letters into new words and verses of the sacred script

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chart. Blessed be God, now you can pour out a flood of

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books. Yeah, Hallier, that I can. What is it, Hans?

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Oh, Hallier, I would like to introduce to you

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my partner, Herr Fust. Hallier, Fust,

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I need more paper, more metal, more capital. I need money. Money?

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That's all I ever hear. How much do you need this time? I keep putting

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in my money, and what are you investing? I? My skill, my

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experience. You know yourself I feel this press with my own hands.

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The form, the type, everything. And you ask what

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did I invest. But what's the use of it? There is no market

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for your books. There are no buyers. Master Gutenberg.

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Yeah, Hallier. How soon could you print me twelve

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lexicons? Twelve books? That will take

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two or three months. Ten days. You can do

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it so quickly I will want more. You see, I have many

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students and I have only one handwritten book.

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And I want each student to have his own book. Naturally.

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Master Gutenberg, print me forty-four books.

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Forty-four? Who would have believed it?

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Forty-four books, Hallier. You shall have them. It shall be done.

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Forty-four books. Thank you, Hallier. Auf Wiedersehen.

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Ja, auf Wiedersehen, Herr Gutenberg. Forty-four.

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Forty-four. Fust, and you say

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that there is no market?

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No market, Fust. But come now everybody. The hand machines of

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the greats have been backward but still inefficient and slow.

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They bore little resemblance to today's thundering presses that

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do in truth pour forth a flood of letters, about three-quarters of a

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zillion books a year. And the miles of newsprint bringing more

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words in each issue than in Gutenberg's Bible and bringing them with the impact

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of today's immediacy. Thus was realized Gutenberg's dream.

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But the search for power had yet far to go to achieve

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this end. In 1765 at the University of Glasgow,

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James Watt built an engine that effectively harnessed the power of

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steam. You're enjoying your work as industrial Scotsman, aren't you?

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Oh lads, lads, Dr. Roebuck is here to look at the engine.

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Well now, Dr. Roebuck, here you see

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the results of my labours on the new common engine. It's quite a departure

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from the older engines and as you waltz over, dear doctor, the new common engine

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is a combination of both the salve rig and the paper.

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Now, doctor, while repairing this engine, I perceived the loss

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of energy and fuel in the constant heating and cooling of the cylinder.

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So I proceeded to construct this model.

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Now if you step right over here, doctor, pardon me lads.

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This that you see here is the separate condensation chamber.

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And here are the steam valves bringing steam into the cylinder.

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And this is the insulation keeping the steam parts hot.

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Well, I don't like the looks of that.

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Rob, Rob lad, will you bring me a file? That's a good lad.

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No, give it a couple of ropes right there.

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Mind your fingers lad, it's hot.

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Will you ever try to be careful?

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No, mother, he'll get over it. Now, daughter, you know, we could

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build engines like this to serve many purposes if we only had the proper

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accurate tools. If we could fit the cylinder and the piston more exactly,

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we could build engines 100 times this size.

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But we need more money for proper accurate tools and more room to work.

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Well, what, Scotland has plenty of room and I'll give you the money

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if it works. Oh, doctor,

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it's more than the high hopes of a high lender.

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And I give you as Scotsman's promise, it will work.

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Will, are you going to start it now? I, I. Well, perhaps we best all step back.

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No, no, no, no, no, no, I'll check everything. And we checked everything.

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Amazing.

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Why this engine could pump, turn wheels, move belts,

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run our mills, the possibility of all that and more.

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This power and the machine it drives will whisk away all man's burdens

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Will, what, you can count on my touch to add to the glory of Scotland.

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Listen to the sound of it. Why, it's like a bonnet.

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Aye, aye.

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What was right,

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steam power inspired the invention of many new machines,

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reared huge factories and powered new forms of locomotion

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that changed the face of the continent.

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The Industrial Revolution

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was made possible

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by Watts control of steam power.

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Providence had ordained a place in America where man could,

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by word and deed, bring to fruition the political as well as material benefits

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of the new industrial era.

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Delegates from the sovereign states meet to frame a constitution

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Washington, Franklin, Jefferson.

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We the people of the United States,

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in order to form a more perfect union,

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establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility,

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provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare,

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and secure the blessings of liberty for ourselves

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and our posterity, do ordain

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and establish this constitution for the United States

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of America.

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Gentlemen, are we in substantial

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agreement? We are. If so, let us put our names

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to this instrument. General Washington,

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you who have led us through war to victory and peace

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and whose guiding hand has given directions

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to our deliberations, will you not be the first to sign?

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Almighty God,

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accept this, our earnest prayer,

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that thou will keep and preserve

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the blessings of liberty in this our

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beloved country, forever.

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Amen.

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The year is 1852, an office in New York City.

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James Laurie, who is able to be with us and add to our discussion.

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Gentlemen, for some time it has been held under advisement to form here

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in the city of New York a society of civil engineers, and that is the

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purpose of this meeting. I suggest that we gather and publish reports on the

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newest methods and techniques in civil engineering so that there can be an

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interchange of knowledge. A library!

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We're all stirred and rightly so at this project we're about to undertake,

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but we've got to lay a solid foundation for this society of civil engineers.

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A new era is upon us. The population is moving westward.

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The Pacific coast is building up, land rush, gold rush.

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It puts a tremendous responsibility upon the members of our profession.

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Definitely. But what a challenge for us, and what an opportunity for our youth.

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Think of it, roads to be built across the desert, through the swamps,

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and through the wilderness. Mountains to be tunneled, canals to be dug,

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harbors to be dredged, ports to be built, railroads spanning the

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continent. Tremendous opportunities I think. Gentlemen, there are only

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a few of us here, but we have the responsibility to pave the way

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for industry, commerce, and abundance. We have the power

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here and now to so act that a century hence will

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honor with its praise and its gratitude the American society

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of civil engineers. The invention of America's

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engineers and the need for further invention had now set the stage for a man

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of rare genius. Why the facilities of this laboratory

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and the variety of your experiments, why you've made

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an industry of it. Industry, industry. Oh yes, yes, this whole country means big industry.

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It's a constant challenge to new ideas. But your genius is unique. Oh, stubborn

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nonsense. I just work harder at it than others. Oh, you just work harder.

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Oh, yeah, well, let's say I hope that man, Kruse, hasn't

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fallen asleep with that new gadget I've been working on. Here he is.

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Here he comes. Here it is, whatever it is.

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Oh my, what a lot of work. Thirty hours without sleeping,

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but here it is, ain't stunning. Yes, but Kruse, what on earth is it?

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I don't know. Who knows? This gentleman is a particular pet

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of mine. You know something? This machine is going to talk and sing.

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Oh, no, no, no, I'm serious. I'm serious. This machine is

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going to talk. You know what I got the idea?

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I was singing into the mouthpiece of this telephone

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when suddenly the vibrations of my voice sent a fine steel point into my finger.

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And that sent me thinking, if I could record the actions

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of a point across the surface and then move that same point over the same surface afterwards,

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well, I saw no reason why the thing couldn't talk.

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You know, it's funny where ideas come from, especially

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when you're looking for them. Well, now you see, gentlemen,

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the tin foil is wrapped around the cylinder. Now, this needle point, you see it in here,

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records the sound onto the soft tin foil. But, Mr. Edison, that's impossible.

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It takes a complicated set of vocal cords and a diaphragm to produce

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sound. Oh, no, no, no, no, no, no, I'm not producing sound.

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I'm recording. But you said it would talk. Well, we'll see.

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You know the proof of the pudding is in the eating. A few scratches on

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tin foil. Now, how in the name of common

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sense can that reproduce speech? Oh, but it will. It will, you'll see.

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I bet you a box of cigars that that thing wouldn't work.

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Good bet. We'll know in just a moment, gentlemen.

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Mary had a little lamb. It was right as snow.

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Everywhere that Mary went, the lamb was sure to go.

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Now, you see, gentlemen, I take the needle off the cylinder and then move it back to the point where I started.

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And now, in just a moment, we'll know whether or not we've recorded sound.

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We'll know.

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I had a little lamb. It was right as snow.

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It's working. Listen to that. Well, you know what? I'm quite sure it's working.

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I'm surprised myself. I bet you are.

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Let me try that one.

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Edison's done it again.

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Sweet Ado Line.

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Edison took out a thousand patents in his lifetime.

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His inventions and his improvements on the inventions of others

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made their mark in the homes of the nation. The achievements of

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the world are the result of a grand of science pyramid laying the foundation for new and greater industries

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and a prosperity that reached to every town and village

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and farm. At the turn of the century,

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an infant giant, the internal combustion engine reached for new worlds

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to conquer.

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In the name of common sense, why go into a new model when our old model is going over like

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Niagara? It's insane. Henry's got new ideas.

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He's going to cast four cylinders in one block.

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What? Why, that's too heavy. And what if one cylinder cracks? You've got to buy all four to replace it.

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Well, Henry's going to produce in such quantity that a four cylinder block will be cheaper than one.

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Good heavens, man. We're producing ten thousand cars a year now.

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Besides, you'd have to spend a million dollars just in retooling.

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Well, why not? That's exactly what I intend to do.

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Oh, but good heavens, Henry. What do you hope to gain by it?

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Listen to me, planners. I'd rather put out twenty-five thousand cars

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at five percent profit than a new high-priced cars at two hundred percent profit.

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Now, look here, you'd have to... The best for the greatest number of people will always win out in the end.

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What, are you a businessman or a philanthropist? Why take the risk?

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It's insane to scrap our tools and plow in our profits on one of your scatterbrain hunches.

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Our old model is good. But not good enough and not cheap enough.

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Well, there's no sense arguing with you. You're a stubborn mule. You don't know business.

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I'm through.

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I don't know business?

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What? It's just plain common sense.

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Jim, what does our balance sheet show?

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Well, do you want the exact figures?

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Oh, never mind, never mind. Just put it into retooling.

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All of it?

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We will put out a new model in quantities bigger than men ever dreamed of before.

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Each part will be machined to exact size. No supplemental fittings, no wasted motion.

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And every cent that I can save in construction, factory management, in the purchase of materials,

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even if I have to own the source of supply...

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That's a good idea.

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...will be deducted from the selling price. The price is going down.

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Jim, let's announce.

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Well, what are you going to say?

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Well, let me think.

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I'm going to put out a motor car for the...

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Oh Ralph, you put this down.

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I'm going to put out a motor car for the multitude.

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I'll call it my Model T.

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It'll be large enough for the family and simple enough for the individual to take care of.

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It'll be made of the best materials by the best men that I can hire

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and from the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise.

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But it'll be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one.

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And with his family, enjoy hours of pleasure out in God's wide open space.

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I don't know business.

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Why, it's just plain common sense.

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Common sense and good business principles working together

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brought the fruits of invention to every citizen.

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Automobiles were made cheap enough and good enough

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to become no longer the pleasure of the few,

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but a necessity used by millions.

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The benefits of Edison's Pearl Street Power Station flowed across the land,

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and electric power became the basic multi-force for the new industrial nation,

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bringing life into the lives of millions

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and providing power for an ever-growing myriad of tools that continue to build America.

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And this great force, ever-growing, made accessible the power of the atom

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the giant of the future.

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The forms of entertainment were changed.

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Gaslight and candlelight gave way to electric lights,

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and new media arose based on the new kinds of light and power,

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media of entertainment that could bring joy and relaxation to thousands upon thousands

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in their leisure time.

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And the growth of America, taking its spring from the inventions of Gutenberg

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with his basic idea of mass production,

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has brought forth generation after generation of student engineers

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to learn more, to build more in this land of America.

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And the future of new things, the creation of new wonders,

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rests on the shoulders of the youth,

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the young men and women who will learn to build on the buildings of the past

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new structures for the betterment of the life of America and the world.

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America's growth has been great, with but 7% of the world's population.

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Working on but 6% of the world's surface,

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America now produces more than half the world's goods.

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It is a far cry from the primitive tools of farming that dig neither wide nor deep.

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Today, America's engineers have built great machines that turn the earth

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and cultivate better crops.

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Old forms of watercraft that took much labor and gave little transport

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have been transformed by the skill and imagination of American engineers

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and the use of new sources of power and design into great chips

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that pushed thousands and thousands of tons from port to port.

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15,000 tons of coal in one load on an inland waterway.

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Even the earlier forms of our own American buildings, simple water mills,

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and quaint covered bridges have changed their structure in a brief span

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and great bridges have been built.

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Crops cannot be grown without water, life cannot survive without it,

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but the carrying of water from source to farm has worried man for centuries

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and inefficient means were devised.

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Until today's American engineers, creating new wonders, have provided new lakes,

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new rivers, new streams, water-arid land, and make green the desert.

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The human back has done the world's work from primitive days

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to the time when power could be harnessed.

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Power, efficient enough and portable enough to do the work wherever it might be found.

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No longer need the backs of men carry the goods of the earth.

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Music

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This tremendous fruitfulness of American industry is largely the creation of American engineers.

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American engineers who have held one goal before them,

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to produce more goods that are made of newer and better materials at lower and lower prices

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so that what is a luxury today may be the universal necessity of tomorrow.

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To this end, across our land, new modes of transportation,

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larger, faster, stronger, have arisen to carry the goods of our factories.

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New tools, bigger tools, more exact tools, tools to make other tools,

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have been devised so that new kinds of goods can be produced better

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and old kinds of goods produced in new ways.

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The steam engine of one has long since superseded his most ambitious dream,

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and new sources of power undreamed of have been harnessed.

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New materials, countless in their numbers and variety,

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have been created to provide the many goods that now make America great.

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And still the need for further development marches on.

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The need to devise new means of doing greater labor than man's back is capable of.

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Tools to produce more goods, to provide more comfort and leisure

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for the people of America and the world.

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Ideas, inventions, initiatives, wills, with these America builds.

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Machines, tools, research, skills, with these America builds.

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Mass production, born of liberty, giving to all the fruit of industry,

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with these America builds.

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The skies look down on a land whose engineers have found the boundaries of their own territory,

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have conquered its vast resources from sea to sea.

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Today, American engineers have not yet found any boundaries to space.

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Space, the project of the future.

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Space, the project of the future.

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Till Earth, our landing is done,

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and the whole world see the dawn

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of your methods of creation.

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Till Earth, oh America,

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till Earth.