WEBVTT 1 00:00:27.260 --> 00:00:29.980 The children of poverty have many faces. 2 00:00:31.200 --> 00:00:35.240 An urban exile from a barren farm in Appalachia. 3 00:00:37.460 --> 00:00:41.040 An American Indian whose address is in American slum. 4 00:00:44.080 --> 00:00:48.740 A farm boy who hitchhiked across half a continent to get an education. 5 00:00:54.760 --> 00:00:59.000 A high school dropout who left school to care for a sick mother and seven children. 6 00:01:02.680 --> 00:01:06.260 Every year poverty wastes the talent of the poor. 7 00:01:18.480 --> 00:01:24.180 Because very few go on to college, their talents are lost for a lifetime to all of us. 8 00:01:26.440 --> 00:01:29.340 A chance to redeem this lost talent. 9 00:01:30.040 --> 00:01:34.840 A chance to find effective ways to educate youngsters from our nation's gifts. 10 00:01:35.360 --> 00:01:42.340 This chance, a community action program the war on poverty calls Upward Bound. 11 00:02:09.700 --> 00:02:11.700 It's the first class of the morning. 12 00:02:13.180 --> 00:02:16.360 The place, a university campus in the Midwest. 13 00:02:17.700 --> 00:02:21.780 The teacher, an English instructor from an inner city high school. 14 00:02:23.400 --> 00:02:30.900 Her students, talented youngsters selected from a variety of rural and urban slums. 15 00:02:36.500 --> 00:02:40.680 By conventional standards many are academic failures. 16 00:02:41.340 --> 00:02:43.300 Others potential dropouts. 17 00:02:44.420 --> 00:02:50.160 By Upward Bound standards all of them possess the undeveloped talent for a college education. 18 00:02:50.160 --> 00:02:55.840 The university's job is to motivate that talent and equip it academically. 19 00:02:57.100 --> 00:03:01.340 For eight weeks during the summer and on weekends during the school year, 20 00:03:01.900 --> 00:03:05.060 this teacher and these students will work hard at that job. 21 00:03:05.680 --> 00:03:07.440 He helped the nuns because he cared for the nuns. 22 00:03:07.640 --> 00:03:10.260 Him being a human being he had human qualities and everything. 23 00:03:10.540 --> 00:03:15.660 But just part of human nature he had to do it because some people just can't, some people just mean but. 24 00:03:15.660 --> 00:03:17.020 How many of you throw them at him? 25 00:03:17.580 --> 00:03:18.480 He just fell with his head. 26 00:03:20.080 --> 00:03:21.020 She's right. 27 00:03:21.100 --> 00:03:29.480 She's right because the part where in a way he received total freedom by building this church. 28 00:03:30.360 --> 00:03:31.820 In his way he received it. 29 00:03:32.640 --> 00:03:36.400 Now total freedom doesn't necessarily mean you don't have to depend on anybody. 30 00:03:36.980 --> 00:03:42.060 But in the book the way he received it was because there was nobody to help him build it. 31 00:03:42.060 --> 00:03:46.020 And he started it and he almost completed it by himself. 32 00:03:46.260 --> 00:03:49.260 But the church was his own creation. 33 00:03:53.340 --> 00:03:59.040 The colleges choose youngsters for Upward Bound with an eye toward those whose talents might normally be overlooked. 34 00:04:00.160 --> 00:04:04.520 Underachievers whose academic record does not reflect their intelligence or ability. 35 00:04:06.920 --> 00:04:09.560 They come to the program shy. 36 00:04:15.300 --> 00:04:15.900 Suspicious. 37 00:04:18.100 --> 00:04:18.700 Skeptical. 38 00:04:19.820 --> 00:04:20.500 And silent. 39 00:04:21.620 --> 00:04:23.560 Often for a very long time. 40 00:04:28.100 --> 00:04:31.060 Out of this silence comes a torrent of thought and feeling. 41 00:04:31.700 --> 00:04:33.480 Direct, honest and passionate. 42 00:04:33.640 --> 00:04:37.800 Uh-uh wait but then you may die anyway if you don't get the Transfusion period. 43 00:04:37.800 --> 00:04:42.240 So you mean to tell me you that ignorant that you won't take a chance on saving your own life. 44 00:04:42.720 --> 00:04:48.440 If a man maybe 20 years old was unjustly convicted of a murder for example. 45 00:04:49.120 --> 00:04:52.580 And he knew that he was completely innocent. 46 00:04:53.260 --> 00:04:59.520 You think this man is going to just go off to death and not try somehow to get out of it. 47 00:04:59.780 --> 00:05:05.020 All the teachers they're great people and they teach so that you learn something. 48 00:05:05.020 --> 00:05:11.040 But I don't know you learn so you learn something here I mean something to do with school but I don't know what it is yet. 49 00:05:12.420 --> 00:05:16.580 Apart from poverty and talent they share a common uncommon virtue. 50 00:05:16.980 --> 00:05:18.920 A genuine hunger for learning. 51 00:05:19.680 --> 00:05:24.360 An appetite to know and by knowing to reach for a better more fruitful life. 52 00:05:25.220 --> 00:05:29.260 The Upward Bound day involves a full-time engagement in education. 53 00:05:30.400 --> 00:05:32.120 That day starts very early. 54 00:05:39.200 --> 00:05:48.920 The student lives and works fully engaged full-time out of his neighborhood in a complete educational setting that occupies almost every hour of the day. 55 00:05:50.260 --> 00:05:53.480 The day begins in classes unlike any he's ever known. 56 00:06:10.380 --> 00:06:14.480 All right how does this whole thing relate to the film we saw the other night High Noon? 57 00:06:15.860 --> 00:06:17.480 I bumped into you you bumped into me. 58 00:06:18.800 --> 00:06:21.580 Big galoo looking at hair and the way you wear your pants. 59 00:06:21.580 --> 00:06:23.180 What's the matter with you? 60 00:06:23.740 --> 00:06:27.260 Don't you know how to walk down the street? You ought to be in a jail. 61 00:06:28.760 --> 00:06:30.880 That's one type of conflict isn't it? 62 00:06:31.300 --> 00:06:32.200 Conflict with dialogue. 63 00:06:32.560 --> 00:06:34.220 Now let's walk down the street again you play the role. 64 00:06:35.500 --> 00:06:37.440 Let's see if we can settle the conflict differently okay? 65 00:06:38.040 --> 00:06:39.180 I'll bump into you. 66 00:06:39.380 --> 00:06:40.360 You hurt last night. 67 00:06:42.700 --> 00:06:43.420 Excuse me. 68 00:06:51.960 --> 00:07:01.360 There are exciting facilities where he can learn a new and challenging idea or give expression to a newly found creative urge. 69 00:07:33.060 --> 00:07:40.200 There's a time and a place for fun and a chance to see a new world and to meet the people who are part of it. 70 00:07:48.860 --> 00:07:50.660 Why is it so long? 71 00:07:50.660 --> 00:07:58.900 Well Robie Wright did not believe in the concept as I said of individual rooms but wanted the whole living area to flow through. 72 00:07:59.300 --> 00:08:04.460 So to give this feeling he sort of even left a little space out in the fire above the fireplace. 73 00:08:05.020 --> 00:08:09.260 So you get a feeling from there and there and from up there of the flowing through. 74 00:08:10.580 --> 00:08:13.840 A field trip is a practical lesson in the value of education. 75 00:08:13.840 --> 00:08:20.540 You generally would be looking for a departmental manager or salesperson this type of thing within a book department. 76 00:08:20.900 --> 00:08:22.940 Someone with intellectual curiosity. 77 00:08:27.860 --> 00:08:27.860 78 00:08:28.660 --> 00:08:30.600 I'll destroy the evidence. 79 00:08:32.000 --> 00:08:38.020 An original play for parents night is a group effort written by students directed by tutors. 80 00:08:42.860 --> 00:08:45.960 I had to do it. 81 00:08:46.580 --> 00:08:47.700 Don't you see? 82 00:08:49.080 --> 00:08:51.640 They wanted too much of me. 83 00:08:53.200 --> 00:08:58.860 So if you've been bugging your fairy godmother, watch it! 84 00:09:12.720 --> 00:09:17.780 One night there's a rehearsal of a show that celebrates their talent and who they are. 85 00:09:45.880 --> 00:09:52.520 On another night there's a trip to a downtown slum to teach other youngsters who want to improve their education. 86 00:10:03.040 --> 00:10:06.420 What these students learn in Upward Bound they share with their community. 87 00:10:11.580 --> 00:10:19.500 So if we got four sixes and you got four in each one, if we count all of them how many will we have? 88 00:10:20.940 --> 00:10:21.020 A... 89 00:10:25.400 --> 00:10:26.120 Four. 90 00:10:27.000 --> 00:10:27.700 Twenty-four. 91 00:10:28.560 --> 00:10:33.960 Every week our student assistants and we have thirty-two student assistants. 92 00:10:33.960 --> 00:10:41.540 And in its own way the college makes a practical commitment to the community, to the youngsters and parents it serves. 93 00:10:41.580 --> 00:10:46.600 You'll have your girls back there in their own neighborhoods and we will tutor them. 94 00:10:46.840 --> 00:10:53.840 We will help them in English, we'll help them in reading, we'll help them in speech, we'll help them in anything they need help in. 95 00:10:54.440 --> 00:10:57.680 Then once a month they come back here to us. 96 00:10:57.680 --> 00:11:06.400 They come back on our campus and our whole faculty, all the teachers that we have out here will be part of this program. 97 00:11:06.800 --> 00:11:14.600 And we want them to feel all year that we are working with them just the way we worked this summer, just as closely. 98 00:11:14.900 --> 00:11:24.400 And you can help us. In fact that's why I asked you to come. We need your help. If you will cooperate we'll be extremely grateful. 99 00:11:25.400 --> 00:11:30.220 It seems to me it should aim at giving kids the space in which to grow. 100 00:11:30.560 --> 00:11:34.040 And I'm not talking simply about physical space though that helps. 101 00:11:34.520 --> 00:11:40.260 I'm talking about the kind of space that people feel inside them. 102 00:11:41.080 --> 00:11:52.400 The kind of space that gives people comfort and security and courage and the ability to take risks with other people. 103 00:11:52.400 --> 00:12:03.240 What we want to try to do, what we're hoping to do, is to help them learn how important they are, the significance of their own feelings, 104 00:12:03.500 --> 00:12:08.780 the fact that they do have feelings and that they can tell other people what those feelings are and what those thoughts are. 105 00:12:08.920 --> 00:12:21.040 And that other people will respond to them and take them seriously and begin that way to expand from the narrow constricted lives and worlds that they lead 106 00:12:21.040 --> 00:12:29.600 and to discover that they have infinite possibility within them just to move out and to grasp at a world that's all there for them. 107 00:12:33.360 --> 00:12:38.660 What these students want to learn, what they do learn, starts with a special kind of teacher. 108 00:12:39.840 --> 00:12:49.460 He may be a college professor or a high school teacher, a college undergraduate or the head of a department. 109 00:12:54.120 --> 00:12:58.060 A counselor, sociologist or graduate student. 110 00:13:02.440 --> 00:13:06.760 What's special about him is his attitude. He really likes these youngsters. 111 00:13:09.200 --> 00:13:12.700 He really believes in their ability and communicates that belief. 112 00:13:18.380 --> 00:13:22.720 He respects and values them for what they are and can become. 113 00:13:28.240 --> 00:13:32.900 He's open minded and meets problems with a mixture of flexibility and firmness. 114 00:13:34.500 --> 00:13:39.780 And what he teaches is interesting and relevant to what they know and think and feel. 115 00:13:42.340 --> 00:13:51.840 If you have a problem, I mean any kind of problem, writing or you don't like something that's going on, you can go and talk to these teachers. 116 00:13:52.340 --> 00:14:04.360 Well the teachers seem to understand you. In regular high school they don't give you as much time like if you come after class and want to ask a question, they rush you but here they seem to give you more time. 117 00:14:04.720 --> 00:14:08.820 They inspire you to learn. They're not just always putting you down saying you can't learn. 118 00:14:08.820 --> 00:14:14.940 Right. We said that any number in that first position is going to be one because that's what power. 119 00:14:15.000 --> 00:14:20.080 Classes are kept small so the teacher can develop a one-to-one relationship with his students. 120 00:14:20.840 --> 00:14:30.460 He has time. Time to know them as individuals. Time to probe their weaknesses and fears. To encourage their hopes. 121 00:14:31.360 --> 00:14:38.800 Time to lead them from one small success through another to a new confidence in themselves and what they can do. 122 00:14:41.720 --> 00:14:47.480 When there's a problem in learning, undergraduate tutors are available to give students the individual attention they need. 123 00:14:48.920 --> 00:14:55.580 No, I meant you wrote down 11 here. Now you factored, you found the two factors here. Good. Now what were the two factors in the square? 124 00:14:56.800 --> 00:15:05.460 The tutors assist teachers in class and are available to help students at almost any hour day or night whether the problem is personal or educational. 125 00:15:05.540 --> 00:15:09.200 Oh, I see. What makes you be thinking about her? 126 00:15:09.860 --> 00:15:13.740 How strong she is, you know, how dominant she is. 127 00:15:14.820 --> 00:15:16.560 You think it's one of complete power then. 128 00:15:16.560 --> 00:15:25.440 Because they work and live with the students, the tutors become a living example to the youngsters of what they can do, what they can become through education. 129 00:15:25.500 --> 00:15:30.320 We're a lot happier. All right, now how about that one? Do you know why that's right? That's the subject too. 130 00:15:30.720 --> 00:15:39.380 Well, my father, he teaches us, you know, how to take care of, you know, guests when they visit like his friends. 131 00:15:40.380 --> 00:15:46.380 The teacher creates an atmosphere of trust in which students can assume genuine responsibility for learning. 132 00:15:47.120 --> 00:15:51.380 This is not a new idea. Upward bound is a collection of old ideas. 133 00:15:52.320 --> 00:16:01.340 Small classes, teachers who care, relevant materials, full-time engagement, genuine freedom and responsibility. 134 00:16:02.120 --> 00:16:10.340 What is unique is that for the first time these ideas have been packaged together and put into practice and they work. 135 00:16:10.680 --> 00:16:17.280 He has, you know, he can't do something outside the house so we have to go out, you know, get things for him, all that. 136 00:16:17.460 --> 00:16:21.880 I didn't have this opportunity because my father doesn't live with us. 137 00:16:22.920 --> 00:16:27.360 And many things that I learned I had to learn everything from my mother or learn it by myself. 138 00:16:28.140 --> 00:16:29.740 What's this here? What's this? 139 00:16:31.520 --> 00:16:32.480 The diaphragm. 140 00:16:32.500 --> 00:16:33.260 What's the diaphragm? 141 00:16:33.880 --> 00:16:33.880 142 00:16:33.880 --> 00:16:34.340 What is the diaphragm? 143 00:16:35.120 --> 00:16:35.700 The breathing. 144 00:16:38.240 --> 00:16:42.200 What is it? Is it fur? Is it skin? Is it the stomach? 145 00:16:42.840 --> 00:16:44.240 No, it's the muscle. 146 00:16:44.280 --> 00:16:48.400 Muscle, exactly. It's muscle. All right, so we only want one. It's right here. 147 00:16:49.460 --> 00:16:56.640 Students learn in an atmosphere of genuine freedom, free from the fear of failure and arbitrary sanctions. 148 00:16:57.680 --> 00:17:05.680 There are no penalties for mistakes, no failure, no personal ridicule, only encouragement to try again. 149 00:17:06.220 --> 00:17:10.940 Just a very shallow decision, just enough so you have a clear idea of what the decision is. 150 00:17:12.000 --> 00:17:13.300 Don't be scared. 151 00:17:14.160 --> 00:17:15.400 The situation right here. 152 00:17:17.400 --> 00:17:18.600 May she be a member. 153 00:17:19.520 --> 00:17:19.900 Yeah? 154 00:17:21.360 --> 00:17:21.360 155 00:17:29.360 --> 00:17:32.980 The time has come the nigger must seek his own place under the sun. 156 00:17:33.660 --> 00:17:37.560 If Europe is for the Europeans, then Africa should be for the black people of the world. 157 00:17:37.560 --> 00:17:41.900 God save us, white folks, from them niggers. 158 00:17:42.580 --> 00:17:47.980 Brother, one hesitates to criticize a life which beginning with so little... 159 00:17:47.980 --> 00:17:52.560 Role-playing is an occasion for students to articulate their feelings and frustrations, 160 00:17:53.500 --> 00:17:58.980 while at the same time learning to understand the complex points of view that surround an issue. 161 00:17:59.760 --> 00:18:05.920 Because it is relevant to their experience, it has real meaning for them and is deeply felt. 162 00:18:05.920 --> 00:18:09.020 The old attitudes of adjustment and submission. 163 00:18:10.480 --> 00:18:15.540 He drastically accepts the alleged inferiority of the negro races 164 00:18:16.420 --> 00:18:21.420 and withdraws many of the high demands of negroes as men and American citizens. 165 00:18:22.460 --> 00:18:27.400 Is this what I see telling me right, that there are colored people in the back of the bus and not in the front? 166 00:18:29.240 --> 00:18:30.920 I guess that's the way it is. 167 00:18:31.420 --> 00:18:34.780 I guess the way that's gonna be until we get something going for us. 168 00:18:34.780 --> 00:18:37.540 We're in the back of the bus now. We could be in the front. 169 00:18:37.840 --> 00:18:40.480 He asked for equal rights. 170 00:18:41.760 --> 00:18:44.440 How can he ask for equal rights when he's done nothing to deserve it? 171 00:18:46.880 --> 00:18:51.580 We are blood spilled for this land. Our kinsmen died for it. 172 00:18:52.540 --> 00:18:56.780 This is our country. We died for this land. What did they do? 173 00:18:56.920 --> 00:19:00.240 They don't even have the same rights. I think, you know, it's not necessary. 174 00:19:00.240 --> 00:19:02.420 I mean, I know what I was knowing. 175 00:19:02.880 --> 00:19:06.220 Why do the whites want the negroes to fight in the war if they don't want to give them equal rights? 176 00:19:06.360 --> 00:19:08.700 Because if I had my way, you'd fight by yourself. 177 00:19:08.980 --> 00:19:10.920 If it was left up to me, we would too. 178 00:19:11.700 --> 00:19:16.080 I have seen very few people that call themselves white people that are white. 179 00:19:16.800 --> 00:19:21.300 I mean, you explain to me what makes you so pure, because you're not white. 180 00:19:21.440 --> 00:19:24.220 Really, you're in between orange. 181 00:19:24.520 --> 00:19:25.460 Next question. 182 00:19:25.460 --> 00:19:30.860 All right, Mr. Shelton, in your speech you stated that negroes were dirty, filthy savages. 183 00:19:30.960 --> 00:19:33.600 I would like to know what is your definition of a savage? 184 00:19:34.620 --> 00:19:40.420 A savage. Ignorant, uncultured, and most of all, a nigga. Next question. 185 00:19:40.660 --> 00:19:43.640 No, wait. You will answer my question correctly. 186 00:19:44.500 --> 00:19:46.420 In my opinion, whites are the savages. 187 00:19:46.500 --> 00:19:50.560 You stated yourself that white people came over here and took the land away from Indians. 188 00:19:51.120 --> 00:19:54.580 Savages fight. We did not fight for this country. You took it. 189 00:19:54.580 --> 00:19:57.920 You didn't ask for it. You took it away from the Indians. 190 00:19:58.120 --> 00:20:01.560 In this country, you fight every other minority group in this country. 191 00:20:01.900 --> 00:20:07.620 So in my opinion, the majority are the savages, which are the white people, and you stated that yourself. 192 00:20:08.060 --> 00:20:10.440 Yes, we took it. But what did you take? 193 00:20:11.060 --> 00:20:12.160 We didn't take anything. 194 00:20:12.160 --> 00:20:15.620 We didn't take anything. That is the whole point. 195 00:20:15.840 --> 00:20:19.640 The whole point is we didn't take it, and savages take things. 196 00:20:19.640 --> 00:20:25.980 Conflict. You recall we've been talking about conflict at an internal level, inside, 197 00:20:26.700 --> 00:20:30.240 as well as conflict at an external level, on the outside. 198 00:20:30.680 --> 00:20:33.860 These particular kids have never really evaluated themselves. 199 00:20:34.420 --> 00:20:36.860 They've accepted gross generalizations. 200 00:20:37.440 --> 00:20:42.720 Many of them believe that they are the disadvantaged, and they intend to stay that way. 201 00:20:42.860 --> 00:20:47.880 Unless someone can shoe out that something else would suggest, you can do better. 202 00:20:47.880 --> 00:20:52.220 So I like to use the term why, because it requires thought. 203 00:20:52.640 --> 00:20:55.180 Why are you going to be a boot black? 204 00:20:55.700 --> 00:20:57.920 Why are you going to remain on 42nd Street? 205 00:20:58.080 --> 00:21:00.200 Why do you feel? Why, why, why? 206 00:21:00.520 --> 00:21:04.180 And this constant jabbering at people can be irritating. 207 00:21:04.420 --> 00:21:07.600 Well, maybe education is another word for irritation. 208 00:21:07.920 --> 00:21:09.240 You like the rules in the teak house, Frank? 209 00:21:09.880 --> 00:21:12.640 Sure, when I'm obeying them. 210 00:21:13.700 --> 00:21:15.840 You mean you don't obey rules, Frank? 211 00:21:15.840 --> 00:21:18.240 Well, for the most part I do. 212 00:21:18.860 --> 00:21:21.020 You wouldn't want to tell us what rule you broke, huh? 213 00:21:21.880 --> 00:21:23.720 Well, I was out after curfew. 214 00:21:24.120 --> 00:21:25.060 Yeah, what happened? 215 00:21:26.500 --> 00:21:28.800 Shnolt prompted him. He knows how many times he was out. 216 00:21:29.420 --> 00:21:35.260 I was dish washing for a while, and then there was this kangaroo court session. 217 00:21:35.660 --> 00:21:36.040 Uh-huh. 218 00:21:36.540 --> 00:21:41.260 I'd rather find something out myself and be told, no, this is not the case. 219 00:21:41.800 --> 00:21:44.680 The teacher will go right along with you and correct you when you're wrong. 220 00:21:44.680 --> 00:21:46.680 And usually he makes you correct yourself. 221 00:21:47.740 --> 00:21:48.920 How do you know it was a kangaroo court? 222 00:21:49.560 --> 00:21:53.440 Well, you couldn't exactly call it a real court. 223 00:21:53.540 --> 00:21:55.140 How do you know what I would call it? I wasn't there. 224 00:21:55.920 --> 00:21:57.520 Well, I wouldn't call it a real court. 225 00:21:57.560 --> 00:21:58.760 Why wouldn't you call it a real court? 226 00:21:59.200 --> 00:22:07.880 Because no one had a practicing lawyer's certificate or judging certificate or something like that. 227 00:22:08.280 --> 00:22:11.300 Is there a conflict in your mind as to whether or not you're sure? 228 00:22:11.640 --> 00:22:12.600 Yes, there is. 229 00:22:12.600 --> 00:22:15.360 Uh-huh. Why is there a conflict? 230 00:22:18.440 --> 00:22:20.660 Well, it's human nature not the one of the... 231 00:22:20.660 --> 00:22:21.980 How do you know what human nature is? 232 00:22:23.000 --> 00:22:24.140 No one wants to be a furniture shop. 233 00:22:24.140 --> 00:22:25.240 How do you know what no one wants? 234 00:22:25.760 --> 00:22:27.420 Well, I don't want to. 235 00:22:27.780 --> 00:22:30.700 Oh, is there a difference between no one and I? 236 00:22:31.220 --> 00:22:31.500 Yeah. 237 00:22:31.520 --> 00:22:32.120 What's the difference? 238 00:22:33.900 --> 00:22:35.700 No one doesn't exist. 239 00:22:35.920 --> 00:22:37.340 No one doesn't exist? 240 00:22:38.300 --> 00:22:38.940 I exist. 241 00:22:38.960 --> 00:22:39.960 You're sure of that? 242 00:22:40.560 --> 00:22:42.000 Yeah, I think I exist. 243 00:22:42.000 --> 00:22:45.180 You know what conceit is? 244 00:22:45.620 --> 00:22:45.980 Yeah. 245 00:22:46.140 --> 00:22:47.740 Conceit is a person who has eye trouble. 246 00:22:49.480 --> 00:22:49.840 It is. 247 00:22:49.840 --> 00:22:51.940 That's capital I. 248 00:22:53.120 --> 00:22:54.540 Oh, man. 249 00:22:57.160 --> 00:22:58.580 You got you mixed up. 250 00:22:58.700 --> 00:23:00.020 You had me mixed up. 251 00:23:00.160 --> 00:23:01.780 What's another word for mixed up? 252 00:23:03.420 --> 00:23:04.000 Confused. 253 00:23:04.320 --> 00:23:06.080 Confused. What's another word for confused, Carl? 254 00:23:06.840 --> 00:23:07.480 Inward conflict. 255 00:23:07.940 --> 00:23:08.340 What? 256 00:23:08.700 --> 00:23:09.820 Inward conflict. 257 00:23:10.060 --> 00:23:11.280 Inward conflict. 258 00:23:11.280 --> 00:23:15.320 I try and encourage them and holler at them in equal proportions 259 00:23:15.320 --> 00:23:19.200 so that if they get angry at me, they're only angry at me for one day. 260 00:23:19.360 --> 00:23:22.920 And if they are angry, they try and show me that they can do better. 261 00:23:23.840 --> 00:23:27.280 And I think perhaps a good measure of a teacher is a person who could 262 00:23:28.660 --> 00:23:31.280 infuriate and encourage in just the right proportions. 263 00:23:33.860 --> 00:23:35.440 I'm sure that the shins are tight here 264 00:23:35.440 --> 00:23:37.780 so that the plaster won't slip through when you cast. 265 00:23:37.780 --> 00:23:41.920 And if they're not, what I want you to do is slip the shim over to the other side 266 00:23:41.920 --> 00:23:45.340 so that you form a constant pressure band on the thing, okay? 267 00:23:46.260 --> 00:23:50.100 Remember, all of you, we're playing with planes here, not with lines. 268 00:23:54.020 --> 00:23:57.200 Also here, make sure that there are no lines sticking out. 269 00:23:57.200 --> 00:23:58.220 See this little piece here? 270 00:23:58.460 --> 00:23:58.560 Mm-hmm. 271 00:23:58.580 --> 00:24:01.200 That will show in the casting and will show as an imperfection. 272 00:24:01.620 --> 00:24:02.580 So take your tool. 273 00:24:04.620 --> 00:24:07.580 These are the first sculptures ever attempted by these students. 274 00:24:09.420 --> 00:24:11.680 Judged by the standards usually applied to them, 275 00:24:11.860 --> 00:24:15.420 these youngsters would probably never get a chance to show what they really can do. 276 00:24:17.680 --> 00:24:22.120 No, I don't think so, but I think you should build down the neck a little bit more. 277 00:24:22.520 --> 00:24:23.780 So it's a straight cylinder. 278 00:24:23.940 --> 00:24:27.220 If you could imagine a straight cylinder squashed a little bit on the sides, 279 00:24:27.240 --> 00:24:28.660 that's basically the shape of the neck. 280 00:24:28.940 --> 00:24:32.000 What do you think about the expression and all the other aspects of the thing 281 00:24:32.000 --> 00:24:33.000 that you've done now before you cast? 282 00:24:33.440 --> 00:24:35.200 Is there anything you'd like to do to change it? 283 00:24:35.200 --> 00:24:36.780 Because this is it, you know? 284 00:24:37.000 --> 00:24:38.620 Once we cast, it's over. 285 00:24:39.960 --> 00:24:42.420 I was thinking of putting a smile on it. 286 00:24:42.860 --> 00:24:43.980 Putting a smile on it? 287 00:24:44.000 --> 00:24:46.040 Then we'll have to change the whole form of lift. 288 00:24:47.360 --> 00:24:47.720 Okay? 289 00:24:48.600 --> 00:24:49.620 Figures that have been done. 290 00:24:51.900 --> 00:24:55.140 Oh, if you're working off that photograph, remember one thing, 291 00:24:55.180 --> 00:24:58.500 and that is that your father's ear isn't nearly as fat as this at the top. 292 00:24:58.640 --> 00:25:00.320 Check that out right now with the photograph. 293 00:25:00.320 --> 00:25:03.140 It's much, much more slender all the way through. 294 00:25:03.760 --> 00:25:06.560 And then take his mustache and still make it thinner and longer. 295 00:25:06.680 --> 00:25:08.360 It will make a younger man out of himself. 296 00:25:08.480 --> 00:25:10.120 You'll take five years off of him. 297 00:25:11.080 --> 00:25:12.660 In a sense, they're very worldly. 298 00:25:13.280 --> 00:25:17.960 In fact, more worldly than the kids at a suburban high school. 299 00:25:18.620 --> 00:25:20.720 They're real. They've been in the world. 300 00:25:22.000 --> 00:25:26.560 They've experienced a lot of life by the time they're 14 or 16. 301 00:25:27.420 --> 00:25:33.520 We picked mainly films of alienation, of the alienated individual. 302 00:25:34.620 --> 00:25:36.960 And so it was very easy for these kids to identify. 303 00:25:37.460 --> 00:25:39.880 I could tell that the kids knew that it was them. 304 00:25:40.800 --> 00:25:43.160 But they talk about it in a third person. 305 00:25:43.720 --> 00:25:50.440 I think he really wants someone to care for him or love him or be friends with him. 306 00:25:50.520 --> 00:25:51.640 But he's afraid. 307 00:25:52.380 --> 00:25:54.500 And this fear is what holds him back. 308 00:25:55.240 --> 00:25:59.220 They really have to find somebody who they really think really loves them. 309 00:25:59.580 --> 00:26:02.260 Like Stalin's mother, in this case, that little girl. 310 00:26:03.220 --> 00:26:05.360 What was her name? I think they called her Hope. 311 00:26:05.940 --> 00:26:06.340 Hope. 312 00:26:06.700 --> 00:26:08.980 Yeah. Well, he really loved that little girl. 313 00:26:09.020 --> 00:26:10.300 That little girl loved him. 314 00:26:10.600 --> 00:26:12.200 And that's why he came back. 315 00:26:12.780 --> 00:26:15.460 Otherwise, I don't think if he had been found, he wouldn't have come back. 316 00:26:15.660 --> 00:26:21.300 The word love once stood for honest, bleeding, hurting, passion. 317 00:26:21.300 --> 00:26:27.300 And by that we mean the suffering, compassion for other people. 318 00:26:30.520 --> 00:26:35.860 Supposing this rock out there, you decided that you see something besides the rock, right? 319 00:26:36.420 --> 00:26:37.300 What might you see? 320 00:26:38.040 --> 00:26:39.780 That he feels that he is a rock. 321 00:26:40.420 --> 00:26:44.560 There's not only the teacher expressing his or her views. 322 00:26:45.260 --> 00:26:46.680 Everyone is participating. 323 00:26:47.260 --> 00:26:50.440 They're talking about it. They're expressing their feelings. 324 00:26:51.140 --> 00:26:57.500 There's gotta take a person who has a feeling strong enough, an understanding strong enough to penetrate, 325 00:26:57.840 --> 00:27:00.460 get into this inner self, and that was wrong. 326 00:27:00.940 --> 00:27:04.700 He just said that he remembers only a part of it. 327 00:27:05.300 --> 00:27:07.920 He doesn't remember the whole concrete part of it. 328 00:27:07.940 --> 00:27:09.540 He doesn't remember seeing her. 329 00:27:10.020 --> 00:27:11.240 That's all he remembers. 330 00:27:12.520 --> 00:27:18.760 And he might have thought that whoever was in love with loved him, but found out later on that she didn't. 331 00:27:18.760 --> 00:27:20.960 The band thought about it back there. 332 00:27:21.040 --> 00:27:22.940 He won't let anybody know that he was helping. 333 00:27:23.560 --> 00:27:28.260 See, she comes like whoever he was hurt by probably wants to still be friends, 334 00:27:28.400 --> 00:27:33.640 but he doesn't want to because he remembers the wanting of the love that he once had. 335 00:27:34.240 --> 00:27:37.380 And so he doesn't want to even have anything to do with it anymore. 336 00:27:37.820 --> 00:27:40.640 Because if I can't have it, I'm not going to take any of it. 337 00:27:42.100 --> 00:27:44.700 I feel Socrates had one of two commitments. 338 00:27:44.700 --> 00:27:49.000 He could either leave the country as they stated or he could have stayed to die in prison. 339 00:27:49.380 --> 00:27:53.100 He didn't leave the country because he knew that his teachings would be of no value. 340 00:27:53.620 --> 00:27:57.800 So he stayed in the prison and therefore I think it was his personal commitment to die. 341 00:27:57.800 --> 00:28:00.300 He didn't think that there was any exception to the rule. 342 00:28:00.620 --> 00:28:05.120 So therefore he took his punishment as he thought it to be, and that was death. 343 00:28:06.000 --> 00:28:10.420 Now, I think earlier we discussed why there are laws in society. 344 00:28:10.640 --> 00:28:12.800 Because the teacher values what they think. 345 00:28:12.800 --> 00:28:18.920 He brings them beyond the fear of failure and ridicule to believe in themselves in the future. 346 00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:24.960 He sets them free to think and by thinking to learn and to grow. 347 00:28:25.320 --> 00:28:27.640 Some of you haven't felt they're good reasons. 348 00:28:28.480 --> 00:28:32.080 Gail, you look kind of like you disagree. Why? 349 00:28:32.400 --> 00:28:39.520 I think that if a group of people, political or otherwise, take laws and switch them around 350 00:28:39.520 --> 00:28:45.940 and that they can unjustly convict the person, then I think that it's all right for you to go against that law. 351 00:28:46.340 --> 00:28:51.240 These politicians that were against Socrates who broke the law, they used the law against Socrates. 352 00:28:52.180 --> 00:28:56.820 Socrates still believed that the law had helped to screen with him, just the man behind the laws. 353 00:28:57.260 --> 00:29:01.140 Now, who disagrees with Socrates? Wanda? 354 00:29:01.740 --> 00:29:05.940 Well, the first thing I'd like to say is that for every law, I believe there's an exception. 355 00:29:05.940 --> 00:29:11.280 Because there's so many people and they're diverse and they're needs and so on, 356 00:29:11.720 --> 00:29:15.860 there's going to be one or two people that this law doesn't apply to. 357 00:29:16.840 --> 00:29:22.760 Well, in Socrates' case, his dying was more proving his point. It was sort of a martyrdom. 358 00:29:23.580 --> 00:29:27.940 And he expected that in the future he would be judged in the right. 359 00:29:28.000 --> 00:29:30.260 And he knew this because he knew he was in the right. 360 00:29:30.260 --> 00:29:37.860 On the other hand, there will be a principle. However, Socrates' case was more or less exceptional. 361 00:29:38.780 --> 00:29:42.260 And in this sense, he figured that he should devote his life. 362 00:29:42.440 --> 00:29:45.340 I mean, I think it was good to the extent because, well, somebody has to. 363 00:29:45.600 --> 00:29:52.200 And if he didn't, if there weren't men like him, if there hadn't been men like him, then where would we be today? 364 00:29:52.200 --> 00:29:59.680 The educational apparatus of this country is potentially good enough 365 00:30:00.200 --> 00:30:08.400 so that it could just take a butterfly net and sweep out into the society and collect young people. 366 00:30:09.340 --> 00:30:21.400 And if it approached them properly in ways that are very meaningful and sincere in the minds of the young people, 367 00:30:21.400 --> 00:30:27.180 and if it used materials of great interest to them and of great relevance to them, 368 00:30:27.420 --> 00:30:31.440 that it could teach almost any youngster almost anything.