WEBVTT

1
00:00:22.160 --> 00:00:27.000
Ambulances rush to emergencies every hour of every day.

2
00:00:27.000 --> 00:00:34.180
Yet every hour of every day, someone dies from some form of suffocation.

3
00:00:35.020 --> 00:00:40.860
Drowning, choking, electric shock, or gas asphyxiation.

4
00:00:41.680 --> 00:00:44.980
More than one death by suffocation every hour.

5
00:00:45.800 --> 00:00:47.300
Thirty every day.

6
00:00:48.280 --> 00:00:52.340
Eleven thousand every year in the United States alone.

7
00:00:53.340 --> 00:00:57.280
But many victims of suffocation need not die.

8
00:00:57.980 --> 00:01:01.960
Because they can be saved by rescue breathing.

9
00:01:37.800 --> 00:01:40.280
This tragedy should not have happened.

10
00:01:41.460 --> 00:01:45.940
Any one of these neighbors could have saved the life of this victim of suffocation.

11
00:01:46.980 --> 00:01:48.120
How about you?

12
00:01:48.120 --> 00:01:54.720
Suppose someone in your family suffocated, became unconscious, and stopped breathing.

13
00:01:55.440 --> 00:01:56.660
What would you do?

14
00:01:57.480 --> 00:01:59.320
Could you bring her back to life?

15
00:02:00.740 --> 00:02:02.840
You. I mean you.

16
00:02:03.720 --> 00:02:04.800
Who? Me?

17
00:02:05.220 --> 00:02:06.180
Yes, you.

18
00:02:07.180 --> 00:02:09.200
What could you do to save her?

19
00:02:09.820 --> 00:02:12.000
Why, I'd try artificial respiration.

20
00:02:12.420 --> 00:02:14.220
You know, the arm lift method.

21
00:02:14.780 --> 00:02:16.540
But that's not always reliable.

22
00:02:16.540 --> 00:02:19.960
Oh yeah? Show me something better.

23
00:02:20.900 --> 00:02:21.460
All right.

24
00:02:21.880 --> 00:02:26.340
To show you why rescue breathing is by far the best method to save lives,

25
00:02:27.020 --> 00:02:30.400
let's go to Buffalo, New York, to the Roswell Park Institute,

26
00:02:30.960 --> 00:02:34.240
one of the hospitals in which the techniques of rescue breathing were developed.

27
00:02:34.920 --> 00:02:39.620
The result of research work done here and in Baltimore, Maryland, for the United States Army.

28
00:02:40.920 --> 00:02:41.340
Doctor.

29
00:02:42.100 --> 00:02:42.540
Yes?

30
00:02:42.540 --> 00:02:47.460
Would you have your staff reenact the lab research which proved the superiority of rescue breathing?

31
00:02:47.580 --> 00:02:48.320
Of course.

32
00:02:50.680 --> 00:02:53.220
Here in this recovery room is an unconscious patient.

33
00:02:54.060 --> 00:02:59.140
She can breathe now because the doctor is pulling up on her jaw to keep her from swallowing her tongue.

34
00:03:00.020 --> 00:03:04.540
But when the jaw is released, her tongue drops and blocks her air passage.

35
00:03:04.900 --> 00:03:06.460
She could die in a few minutes.

36
00:03:07.200 --> 00:03:09.780
In the hospital, we often insert an airway,

37
00:03:09.780 --> 00:03:13.720
a curved tube which holds the tongue away from the air passage

38
00:03:13.720 --> 00:03:17.220
and allows the patient to breathe freely without blockage by the tongue.

39
00:03:19.940 --> 00:03:25.940
Here in simplified animation is a view inside the head and throat of such an unconscious person.

40
00:03:27.240 --> 00:03:31.340
You notice how the air flows freely through the curved tube airway,

41
00:03:31.880 --> 00:03:35.500
down the air passage into the lungs, and back out again.

42
00:03:36.460 --> 00:03:40.260
The airway wouldn't be available to the average person in an emergency.

43
00:03:41.020 --> 00:03:43.940
Also, he would not be trained in its proper insertion.

44
00:03:44.260 --> 00:03:46.220
So let's remove the airway.

45
00:03:48.120 --> 00:03:53.000
Immediately, the tongue flops back and blocks the air passage.

46
00:03:54.480 --> 00:03:56.140
No air can get through.

47
00:03:57.000 --> 00:03:58.400
Breathing is impossible.

48
00:03:59.320 --> 00:04:03.020
No matter how hard you press on the chest or how much you lift the arms,

49
00:04:03.020 --> 00:04:09.060
air still cannot get past the tongue, which is blocking the air passage to the lungs.

50
00:04:10.880 --> 00:04:14.640
The first step to relieve this condition is to tilt the head back.

51
00:04:15.880 --> 00:04:19.120
This eases the angle of movement for the air flow.

52
00:04:20.180 --> 00:04:24.740
Now, to bring the tongue forward, it's only necessary to move the jaw forward.

53
00:04:26.000 --> 00:04:30.580
Because the tongue is connected to the jaw, it moves with it.

54
00:04:31.120 --> 00:04:37.620
The simplest and surest way to move the tongue forward is to hook your thumb over the teeth at the corner of the mouth.

55
00:04:38.580 --> 00:04:43.540
Then grasp the jaw firmly between fingers and thumb and pull the jaw forward.

56
00:04:44.500 --> 00:04:51.760
The air passage is wide open for air to move into and out of the lungs, as it must in breathing.

57
00:04:53.520 --> 00:05:00.000
You can also move the tongue clear of the air passage by pushing forward here on both sides of the jaw.

58
00:05:01.220 --> 00:05:04.620
This variation is particularly recommended for reviving babies.

59
00:05:05.440 --> 00:05:09.100
Because a baby's mouth is small, your thumb could block it.

60
00:05:11.480 --> 00:05:18.640
You must also use this procedure for adults when their jaw muscles are so rigid that you're unable to hook your thumb over the teeth.

61
00:05:19.240 --> 00:05:23.500
Just push forward at the angle of the jaw bone on both sides.

62
00:05:25.440 --> 00:05:31.340
At all times, the head must be tilted back and the jaw moved forward to open the air passage.

63
00:05:32.400 --> 00:05:34.860
Now you can get air into the lungs.

64
00:05:35.620 --> 00:05:35.920
How?

65
00:05:36.520 --> 00:05:37.680
Breathe it in.

66
00:05:38.940 --> 00:05:46.280
Your mouth will cover the mouth and nose of an infant so that air can be breathed into both at the same time.

67
00:05:47.620 --> 00:05:55.040
Your mouth can make a complete seal around an adult's mouth, even though your thumb is in the corner holding the jaw forward.

68
00:05:56.420 --> 00:06:01.180
Now you must pinch the nostrils to prevent leakage of air through them.

69
00:06:04.120 --> 00:06:12.280
A victim whose jaws are rigid can receive air through his nostrils while you seal his lips with your fingers.

70
00:06:12.900 --> 00:06:15.760
How can you breathe air into a person?

71
00:06:16.640 --> 00:06:20.300
Simply by breathing it in, as this doctor is demonstrating.

72
00:06:21.900 --> 00:06:26.360
Remember, a victim may have stopped breathing, but you haven't.

73
00:06:27.060 --> 00:06:28.920
You have breath to spare.

74
00:06:30.000 --> 00:06:33.020
You can use it to save a life.

75
00:06:33.860 --> 00:06:36.080
Isn't that what the docs do for some babies?

76
00:06:36.640 --> 00:06:37.980
What's new about that?

77
00:06:38.540 --> 00:06:39.020
New?

78
00:06:39.160 --> 00:06:40.400
Well, it isn't new at all.

79
00:06:40.400 --> 00:06:42.640
It's the oldest method in the world.

80
00:06:43.780 --> 00:06:56.360
Even the Bible mentions it in 2 Kings, Chapter 4, Verse 34, which tells how Elisha placed his mouth upon the mouth of the unconscious boy and blew the breath of life back into him.

81
00:06:56.780 --> 00:07:01.520
Now we know it's the easiest and safest method if it's practiced properly.

82
00:07:04.580 --> 00:07:07.400
Come into the lab for a demonstration of more research.

83
00:07:07.400 --> 00:07:10.200
Here's another unconscious person.

84
00:07:10.560 --> 00:07:17.760
He's a physician volunteer who has been temporarily paralyzed with curare and cannot open his airway or breathe for himself.

85
00:07:19.100 --> 00:07:21.140
He's now receiving air by mask.

86
00:07:21.960 --> 00:07:25.500
The doctor is breathing for him by squeezing this rubber bag.

87
00:07:27.120 --> 00:07:28.580
Notice the enlarged indicator.

88
00:07:28.780 --> 00:07:29.380
See it?

89
00:07:29.840 --> 00:07:30.280
Uh-huh.

90
00:07:30.700 --> 00:07:35.000
Well, that indicator is actually on this testing device called an oximeter.

91
00:07:35.000 --> 00:07:39.820
It measures the exact amount of oxygen in a person's blood at any given moment.

92
00:07:40.720 --> 00:07:44.920
It does this by means of an attachment connected directly to the patient's ear.

93
00:07:45.620 --> 00:07:55.100
He needs oxygen to stay alive and is receiving an excellent supply from the fresh air being forced into his lungs through the mask with each squeeze.

94
00:07:56.080 --> 00:08:01.680
Now the doctor will stop breathing for him so that the volunteer receives no air.

95
00:08:02.360 --> 00:08:03.280
Watch the indicator.

96
00:08:04.340 --> 00:08:14.920
As the volunteer's need for oxygen increases, the indicator goes down, down, down.

97
00:08:17.440 --> 00:08:22.200
We'd better bring up the oxygen content by breathing for him again with the bag and mask.

98
00:08:23.840 --> 00:08:28.080
The oxygen content in the volunteer's blood will soon return to a safe level.

99
00:08:31.820 --> 00:08:34.080
Remember, he can't breathe for himself.

100
00:08:39.300 --> 00:08:44.940
When the doctor stops giving him air, a rescuer will demonstrate the arm lift method of resuscitation.

101
00:08:47.060 --> 00:08:48.560
Watch the oxygen indicator.

102
00:08:50.260 --> 00:08:51.240
No change.

103
00:08:55.080 --> 00:08:55.740
Hey, wait.

104
00:08:55.960 --> 00:08:57.080
It's going down.

105
00:08:57.080 --> 00:09:02.940
Well, that means he's getting no air into his lungs, no oxygen into his blood.

106
00:09:05.860 --> 00:09:07.800
I can see it on the indicator.

107
00:09:08.960 --> 00:09:11.200
That arm lift method isn't working at all.

108
00:09:11.800 --> 00:09:15.060
Right. Now he's got to get oxygen fast.

109
00:09:15.580 --> 00:09:17.440
Let's breathe air into him again.

110
00:09:20.460 --> 00:09:23.800
We'll turn him over on his back to prepare him for rescue breathing.

111
00:09:25.420 --> 00:09:28.960
Again, the doctor has stopped breathing for him.

112
00:09:29.460 --> 00:09:31.520
Again, he's getting no oxygen.

113
00:09:34.040 --> 00:09:38.020
Well, now let's see how much oxygen he gets from mouth to mouth rescue breathing.

114
00:09:38.760 --> 00:09:43.120
You mean put my mouth on a stranger's? Germs.

115
00:09:43.400 --> 00:09:46.560
Don't worry about germs when a life is at stake.

116
00:09:47.160 --> 00:09:51.760
Someone may be suffocating to death, and you could save him with your breath.

117
00:09:52.740 --> 00:09:57.640
Watch the indicator, and you'll see how effective the rescue breathing method is.

118
00:09:58.740 --> 00:09:59.960
He's getting oxygen.

119
00:10:01.940 --> 00:10:05.260
But isn't it bad air, carbon dioxide or something?

120
00:10:06.420 --> 00:10:10.360
If you breathe deeply, his carbon dioxide level will be normal.

121
00:10:10.860 --> 00:10:17.960
But most important, he will be getting even more oxygen than he needs, and this could save his life.

122
00:10:18.640 --> 00:10:20.840
Where does all this oxygen come from?

123
00:10:20.840 --> 00:10:26.500
From you, the rescuer. You must inhale twice as deeply as normal.

124
00:10:27.060 --> 00:10:31.160
Then even in your exhaled breath, there will be oxygen to spare.

125
00:10:31.920 --> 00:10:35.960
Oxygen you can share with the victim who is receiving rescue breathing.

126
00:10:36.720 --> 00:10:42.380
Oh, so the rescuer has to breathe for two. I get it. What else do I have to know?

127
00:10:42.600 --> 00:10:45.080
Just a few simple but important rules.

128
00:10:46.260 --> 00:10:49.800
First, tilt the head back to ease the angle of air movement.

129
00:10:49.800 --> 00:10:57.280
To bring the tongue forward and open the air passage, insert your thumb into the side of the mouth and lift the jaw.

130
00:10:58.380 --> 00:11:01.060
Now pinch the nostrils to prevent air leakage.

131
00:11:01.880 --> 00:11:07.860
Seal the victim's mouth completely with your mouth and breathe into him until you see his chest rise.

132
00:11:09.180 --> 00:11:14.720
When you remove your mouth for your next deep breath, listen to the victim's air as it escapes.

133
00:11:15.660 --> 00:11:20.760
If you hear gurgling or snoring sounds, the tongue may have dropped down.

134
00:11:22.960 --> 00:11:25.940
Re-adjust your support on the jaw to correct this.

135
00:11:27.200 --> 00:11:31.460
Then continue rescue breathing until the victim can breathe alone.

136
00:11:33.280 --> 00:11:39.680
Thank you, doctor. Let's leave the laboratory and see some reenactments of common accidents which can cause suffocation.

137
00:11:41.680 --> 00:11:42.660
Here's a drowning.

138
00:11:43.960 --> 00:11:48.660
With rescue breathing, you don't have to wait until you bring the victim ashore.

139
00:11:49.220 --> 00:11:51.420
You can begin reviving him immediately.

140
00:11:52.920 --> 00:11:56.680
Your first breath into him may force water up from his stomach.

141
00:11:57.800 --> 00:12:01.600
If so, clear the mouth quickly and resume rescue breathing.

142
00:12:02.660 --> 00:12:08.840
If something is still lodged in the throat, you'll find it difficult to get air in, so clear the mouth again.

143
00:12:10.200 --> 00:12:12.200
Suppose there's water in his lungs.

144
00:12:13.280 --> 00:12:17.620
There's nothing you can do about that, but you can get it out of his stomach.

145
00:12:18.160 --> 00:12:22.620
Press on it gently. Keep the head low while the water drains out.

146
00:12:24.700 --> 00:12:26.200
Then continue rescue breathing.

147
00:12:26.800 --> 00:12:29.740
How can you be sure rescue breathing is necessary?

148
00:12:30.600 --> 00:12:36.360
If he seems to be unconscious, has stopped breathing, always start to breathe for him.

149
00:12:36.360 --> 00:12:40.820
If he doesn't need help to breathe, you can't hurt him by giving him extra air.

150
00:12:41.340 --> 00:12:44.500
But if he does, you can save his life.

151
00:12:47.000 --> 00:12:50.220
To help open the air passage, tilt the head back.

152
00:12:51.700 --> 00:12:55.420
To keep the tongue out of the way, the jaw should be lifted up.

153
00:12:59.600 --> 00:13:02.840
Be sure the nostrils are pinched together to prevent air leakage.

154
00:13:05.840 --> 00:13:09.560
Watch the chest. It should rise with each breath.

155
00:13:11.260 --> 00:13:15.560
You're breathing for two people, so inhale deeply before you rescue breathe.

156
00:13:16.300 --> 00:13:18.080
How many breaths does he need?

157
00:13:18.800 --> 00:13:24.100
You may have to keep going for hours, but often 10 to 15 breaths may be enough.

158
00:13:25.460 --> 00:13:27.600
Only 10 to 15 breaths?

159
00:13:27.600 --> 00:13:35.900
Yes. If he wasn't underwater too long, that's all it may take to bring the half-dead back to life.

160
00:13:44.020 --> 00:13:49.440
Here's a reenactment of another frequent cause of suffocation.

161
00:13:50.940 --> 00:13:54.100
Carbon monoxide from an automobile exhaust.

162
00:13:55.700 --> 00:13:59.000
If there's someone around to run for help, fine.

163
00:13:59.640 --> 00:14:02.160
But remember, every second counts.

164
00:14:02.900 --> 00:14:08.000
And it even takes time to get him out into fresh air, which is the first thing you must do.

165
00:14:09.120 --> 00:14:12.220
Then you must try to get fresh air into his lungs immediately.

166
00:14:13.440 --> 00:14:14.100
He looks blue.

167
00:14:15.360 --> 00:14:18.560
Carbon monoxide sometimes causes a cherry red color.

168
00:14:19.060 --> 00:14:23.520
This boy is cyanotic blue because of a shortage of oxygen in his blood.

169
00:14:24.120 --> 00:14:27.600
His rescuer is trying to supply it with the arm lift method.

170
00:14:28.880 --> 00:14:34.620
But if the victim's tongue is blocking his throat, the arm lift method just won't work.

171
00:14:35.420 --> 00:14:41.840
If the rescuer's hands are busy lifting the arms and squeezing the chest, how can he keep the air passage open?

172
00:14:42.440 --> 00:14:45.260
Not unless he's got four hands he can't.

173
00:14:46.100 --> 00:14:47.940
Looks like the doc's too late, huh?

174
00:14:47.940 --> 00:14:49.780
Not necessarily.

175
00:14:50.660 --> 00:14:54.860
Rescue breathing has revived many victims even after other methods failed.

176
00:14:55.960 --> 00:14:59.280
The doctor knows this and begins rescue breathing immediately.

177
00:15:01.020 --> 00:15:02.620
Note how the head is tilted back.

178
00:15:03.280 --> 00:15:04.760
The nostrils are pinched.

179
00:15:05.140 --> 00:15:06.940
The jaw is pulled up.

180
00:15:07.480 --> 00:15:11.360
And the doctor's mouth forms a complete seal for every breath.

181
00:15:15.200 --> 00:15:17.240
The doctor watches the chest rise.

182
00:15:17.240 --> 00:15:21.980
A sure sign that rescue breathing is getting oxygen into the victim's lungs.

183
00:15:23.800 --> 00:15:29.100
If there is a spark of life left, rescue breathing will give the best chances of success.

184
00:15:30.660 --> 00:15:33.820
When success comes, it will be dramatically visible.

185
00:15:34.580 --> 00:15:36.380
The skin will turn a glowing pink.

186
00:15:37.140 --> 00:15:39.300
And another life will have been saved.

187
00:15:47.240 --> 00:15:58.980
An electric current, an electric appliance, and a puddle of water can result in an electric shock.

188
00:16:02.780 --> 00:16:09.640
Even though the electric contact is broken, unconsciousness and asphyxiation may follow almost immediately.

189
00:16:12.200 --> 00:16:18.800
Because electric shock can paralyze the breathing center of the brain, the fingernails may turn cyanotic blue.

190
00:16:20.620 --> 00:16:25.540
The lack of oxygen may also show in the blue lips, mouth, and tongue.

191
00:16:27.500 --> 00:16:29.180
Begin rescue breathing immediately.

192
00:16:31.800 --> 00:16:36.760
Some of the air you blow into the victim's mouth may enter the stomach, which will bulge.

193
00:16:36.760 --> 00:16:42.180
Remove this extra air with gentle pressure while you continue rescue breathing.

194
00:16:43.360 --> 00:16:44.820
How long should a breath be?

195
00:16:46.080 --> 00:16:50.200
Long enough to see the chest rise, and no longer.

196
00:16:51.140 --> 00:16:52.580
How many times a minute?

197
00:16:53.600 --> 00:16:55.940
Twelve times is fast enough for an adult.

198
00:16:56.700 --> 00:16:59.160
You can go as high as 20 times a minute if you wish.

199
00:16:59.960 --> 00:17:04.440
But if you're not accustomed to deep breathing, it can make you feel lightheaded or dizzy.

200
00:17:05.060 --> 00:17:08.140
Just slow down a little, and you'll feel all right.

201
00:17:08.820 --> 00:17:11.200
How can you tell if you're really saving him?

202
00:17:11.860 --> 00:17:18.400
You'll be able to see the normal color return, especially to the fingernails, lips, and tongue.

203
00:17:18.980 --> 00:17:20.900
And he'll start breathing for himself.

204
00:17:27.360 --> 00:17:29.940
A balloon can be fun to a child.

205
00:17:30.840 --> 00:17:32.580
It can also be a hazard.

206
00:17:33.540 --> 00:17:35.640
A means of suffocation.

207
00:17:40.300 --> 00:17:46.540
When a foreign object becomes lodged in the throat, the cause of suffocation may not be immediately apparent to the rescuer.

208
00:17:47.240 --> 00:17:48.860
How can she tell if it's there?

209
00:17:49.660 --> 00:17:52.680
It will be difficult to get air in with a first breath.

210
00:17:57.300 --> 00:17:59.160
Try to clear the throat at once.

211
00:18:01.700 --> 00:18:05.960
When the air passage is free, it will be easier to get air in.

212
00:18:07.160 --> 00:18:12.840
Even a youngster can follow the few simple rescue breathing procedures of tilting the head back,

213
00:18:13.560 --> 00:18:22.100
pulling up the jaw, pinching the nostrils, watching the chest rise, and she can follow them successfully.

214
00:18:29.320 --> 00:18:34.600
Sometimes breathing stops because of an overdose of certain medicines.

215
00:18:36.600 --> 00:18:37.400
How come?

216
00:18:38.400 --> 00:18:43.580
The chest muscles become weak, and as the brain centers are drugged, breathing stops.

217
00:18:44.680 --> 00:18:47.260
Serious brain damage and even death can result.

218
00:18:48.240 --> 00:18:55.260
In such an emergency, unconsciousness and cyanosis are sure signs that rescue breathing is desperately needed.

219
00:19:00.160 --> 00:19:02.840
See how the head is kept in the correct position.

220
00:19:04.580 --> 00:19:09.700
Even while the rescuer inhales his next breath, he continues to hold the jaw up.

221
00:19:13.500 --> 00:19:21.980
This prevents the tongue from blocking the air passage and keeps the throat open so that the air in the victim's lungs can escape freely.

222
00:19:24.920 --> 00:19:29.580
It may not take long for a helper to ready the mechanical oxygen equipment,

223
00:19:30.080 --> 00:19:35.620
but in the meantime, mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing has kept her alive.

224
00:19:37.060 --> 00:19:40.980
The flush pink brightening her skin is proof of that.

225
00:19:46.140 --> 00:19:51.300
Certain types of violent injuries may cause unconsciousness and prevent breathing.

226
00:19:51.980 --> 00:19:56.280
Rescue breathing must be given immediately where the victim lies.

227
00:19:58.980 --> 00:20:02.900
The procedure remains the same, even with this type of chest injury.

228
00:20:03.640 --> 00:20:16.880
Tilt the head back, pull up on the jaw, pinch the nostrils, take deep breaths, and breathe for him until he is revived.

229
00:20:18.260 --> 00:20:22.280
But will he be able to continue breathing if his chest is badly hurt?

230
00:20:23.140 --> 00:20:24.140
Perhaps not.

231
00:20:25.340 --> 00:20:30.880
But you can keep him alive by maintenance breathing, by continuing rescue breathing,

232
00:20:32.060 --> 00:20:37.300
timing each breath with his effort to breathe until medical help becomes available.

233
00:20:45.520 --> 00:20:51.960
The basic essentials of the rescue breathing technique are easy to learn and easy to remember.

234
00:20:53.160 --> 00:20:55.600
First, tilt the head back.

235
00:20:56.820 --> 00:20:58.880
Then, lift the jaw forward.

236
00:21:00.700 --> 00:21:03.060
Next, pinch the nostrils.

237
00:21:03.060 --> 00:21:06.800
Now seal your mouth around the victims.

238
00:21:07.120 --> 00:21:08.940
And begin rescue breathing.

239
00:21:09.900 --> 00:21:14.160
Right. Rescue breathing is the best method.

240
00:21:15.620 --> 00:21:22.300
And it's always available to those who care enough to share the breath of life.